The client has a sudden increase in heart rate and cardiac contractility. What part of the client’s body is likely activated?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: The sympathetic nervous system. When the client experiences a sudden increase in heart rate and cardiac contractility, it indicates the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate and contractility to prepare the body for action. The parasympathetic nervous system (choice A) would have the opposite effect of slowing down the heart rate. The AV node (choice B) is a part of the heart's electrical system and is not directly responsible for increasing heart rate. The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus (choice C) help regulate blood pressure, not heart rate or contractility.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because during an exercise echocardiogram, the client typically exercises on a treadmill to stress the heart. This helps evaluate how the heart functions under physical exertion. After exercising, the client immediately undergoes an echocardiogram to assess the heart's response to stress. This test provides valuable information about heart function during activity. Choice A is incorrect because lying on the back is not part of the standard procedure for an exercise echocardiogram. Choice C is incorrect as lying on the right side is not a common position for this test. Choice D is incorrect because electrocardiographic monitoring is essential during an exercise echocardiogram to assess the heart's electrical activity throughout the test.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: participation in daily activities without chest pain. This is because the effectiveness of Nadolol in treating chronic stable angina and left ventricular dysfunction is indicated by the patient's ability to engage in daily activities without experiencing chest pain, which reflects improved myocardial oxygen supply. A: decreased blood pressure and heart rate is incorrect because Nadolol is a beta-blocker, which can lower blood pressure and heart rate as a side effect, but the primary goal is to reduce angina symptoms. B: fewer complaints of having cold hands and feet is incorrect as it is not a direct indicator of Nadolol's effectiveness in treating angina and left ventricular dysfunction. C: improvement in the strength of the distal pulses is incorrect as it may not directly correlate with the drug's effectiveness in managing angina and left ventricular dysfunction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. This statement indicates a misunderstanding about the procedure for CABG surgery using the internal mammary artery. The internal mammary artery is typically used for the bypass graft, not a vein from the leg. The other choices (A, C, D) are all accurate statements related to CABG surgery. Choice A correctly describes the use of a heart-lung machine during surgery. Choice C accurately explains the purpose of using an artery near the heart for the bypass. Choice D is true as aspirin is often prescribed post-surgery to prevent graft occlusion. Therefore, B is the incorrect choice as it does not align with the procedure being discussed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Attach the heart monitor. This should be done first to continuously monitor the patient's cardiac rhythm and detect any potential arrhythmias or changes in heart rate. This is crucial in managing NSTEMI patients. Obtaining blood pressure, assessing peripheral pulses, and auscultating breath sounds are important assessments, but monitoring the heart rhythm takes precedence in NSTEMI to identify any cardiac complications promptly.