ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 9
The client comes to the emergency department with a myocardial infarction. The client's husband tells the nurse that his wife has been taking calcium carbonate (Tums) for years for what she thought was indigestion. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Self-diagnosing with Tums masked a myocardial infarction as indigestion, a common misstep, and noting this educates without blame. Blaming the wife or husband is judgmental and unhelpful. Gladness she's there misses teaching opportunity. Stating self-diagnosis's risks highlights the need for medical evaluation, especially in older adults where cardiac symptoms mimic gastrointestinal issues, fostering awareness gently.
Question 2 of 9
The following are side effects of SSRI's EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine) can cause rash as a hypersensitivity reaction, true. Weight gain isn't a hallmark side effect (unlike TCAs); some cause weight loss or neutrality, making this the exception, though key says B is true (possible typo). Sexual dysfunction (e.g., delayed ejaculation) is common, true. Anxiety can occur initially, true. GI symptoms like nausea are frequent. Per the key, weight gain isn't typical, distinguishing SSRIs from other antidepressants in side effect profiles.
Question 3 of 9
What is Heparin's antidote?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the antidote for Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting clotting factors in the blood. In cases of Heparin overdose or when a patient needs to quickly reverse the effects of Heparin, Protamine sulfate is administered as an antidote. Protamine sulfate works by binding to Heparin and neutralizing its anticoagulant effects, thus helping to restore normal clotting function. It is important to use Protamine sulfate cautiously as it can cause severe reactions in some individuals, especially those with allergies to fish, as Protamine is derived from fish sperm.
Question 4 of 9
A 13-year-old male has begun having spells of wheezing and difficulty breathing while playing outside. He is diagnosed with asthma and given an inhaler to treat acute attacks. His medication is working well, but he would also like something to prevent attacks from happening. Which of the following drugs would be best to add to his regimen?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asthma prevention in a child needs a long-acting agent. Salmeterol , a long-acting β2-agonist, reduces attack frequency. Albuterol and Epinephrine are short-acting. Ipratropium aids acute relief. Isoproterenol (E) is outdated. Salmeterol's prolonged bronchodilation suits prophylaxis.
Question 5 of 9
A 5-year-old boy is brought to his primary care physician by his parents who say that he often has trouble catching his breath when he has been playing hard outside. He is allergic to peanuts. At the moment, he is breathing fine. Which of the following drugs is commonly used to diagnose suspected asthma?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Suspected asthma in a child with exertional dyspnea requires diagnostic confirmation. Methacholine , a muscarinic agonist, provokes bronchoconstriction in asthmatics during a challenge test, confirming airway hyperresponsiveness. Albuterol is a bronchodilator for treatment, not diagnosis. Neostigmine , a cholinesterase inhibitor, is unrelated. Nicotine and Pilocarpine (E) are irrelevant. Methacholine's ability to induce reversible bronchospasm, measured by spirometry, distinguishes asthmatics from normals, making it standard for diagnosis when symptoms are intermittent, as here.
Question 6 of 9
Which statement about ARBs does the nurse identify as being true?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) are less likely to cause cough compared to ACE inhibitors. However, one of the notable adverse effects associated with ARBs is hyperkalemia. ARBs can lead to an increase in potassium levels in the blood more so than ACE inhibitors. Therefore, the nurse should recognize that hyperkalemia is more likely to occur with ARBs than when using ACE inhibitors.
Question 7 of 9
A 53-year-old man spends his mornings outside gardening. He frequently develops tension headaches, and the only medication he keeps at home is aspirin. After taking two regular-sized aspirin tablets almost daily for a few weeks, which of the following side effects is he most at risk for?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Daily aspirin for weeks risks tinnitus , a COX-inhibition side effect from salicylate buildup. Angina , insomnia , and nephrolithiasis aren't typical. Hypercoagulability opposes its action. Tinnitus reflects ototoxicity, common with frequent use.
Question 8 of 9
The home care nurse is caring for a patient newly prescribed a nonselective beta-blocking agent. What would the nurse include in the teaching plan related to this drug? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients should be taught to change position slowly, avoid driving or operating hazardous machinery, and to pace activities as a result of potential dizziness from orthostatic hypotension in order to avoid injury. Patients should take medicine with meals when possible. Drug is more likely to decrease libido than increase it. Activity levels should be paced and care should be taken not to overdo. The nurse should provide comprehensive patient education to ensure safe and effective use of the medication.
Question 9 of 9
A client taking probenecid is complaining of gout pain. Which of the following medication should the nurse expect to be administered?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acetaminophen is often used to manage pain in patients with gout, as it does not interfere with uric acid levels. Aspirin is contraindicated because it can reduce the effectiveness of probenecid. Orphenadrine and tizanidine are muscle relaxants and are not indicated for gout pain. Acetaminophen is a safe and effective option for pain relief in this context.