ATI RN
ATI Proctored Pharmacology 2023 Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
The classification of digoxin is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Digoxin belongs to the class of medications known as cardiac glycosides. Cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin, are commonly used in the treatment of heart failure and certain types of irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias). They work by affecting the heart muscle and helping to improve the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. Digoxin is particularly effective in controlling heart rate and symptoms in patients with congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. It is important to monitor digoxin levels carefully due to its narrow therapeutic index and potential for toxicity.
Question 2 of 5
A 25-year-old male comes to the emergency department with crushing, substernal chest pain. The pain radiates up to his jaw and down to his right arm. He has never had chest pain like this before. An ECG shows ST elevations in leads I, II, and AVF. A detailed history reveals that he had used cocaine 2 h prior to the onset of chest pain. Which of the following medications is contraindicated in the treatment of myocardial infarction caused by his cocaine use?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cocaine-induced MI (ST elevations) contraindicates β-blockers . They exacerbate coronary vasospasm via unopposed α-stimulation. ACE inhibitors , aspirin , calcium channel blockers , and nitroglycerin (E) are safe. β-Blockers worsen this unique MI etiology.
Question 3 of 5
Drugs which antagonizes the anticoagulant effects of heparin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protamine sulfate is a medication that can antagonize the anticoagulant effects of heparin. Heparin works by binding to antithrombin III to enhance its activity, which leads to the inhibition of factor Xa and thrombin. Protamine sulfate, a positively charged molecule, binds to heparin to form a stable complex, neutralizing the anticoagulant effects of heparin. This makes protamine sulfate a useful antidote for heparin overdose or in situations where rapid reversal of heparin is necessary to reduce the risk of bleeding complications. The other options listed - acetylcysteine, naloxone, warfarin sodium, and phenindione - do not have a direct antagonistic effect on the anticoagulant effects of heparin.
Question 4 of 5
A 22-year-old female accounting student requires a daily cup of coffee upon arising and another cup as she finishes her first class of the day. She prefers to drink caffeinated products. Which of the following is the most plausible mechanism of action of this product?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Caffeine's stimulant effect in coffee relies on adenosine receptor blockade . By inhibiting adenosine's sedative action, caffeine increases alertness, fitting her routine. Option , decreasing cAMP, contradicts caffeine's phosphodiesterase inhibition, which raises cAMP. Option , decreasing cGMP, is unrelated. Option , stimulating phosphodiesterase, opposes caffeine's action. Option (E), calcium transport, isn't primary. Adenosine antagonism drives caffeine's wakefulness, supporting her daily use to combat fatigue during study.
Question 5 of 5
A patient who has had an MI is taking a beta blocker. What is the main benefit of beta blocker therapy for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Beta blockers are commonly prescribed for patients who have had a myocardial infarction (MI) because they help to reduce the workload on the heart by slowing down the heart rate. By reducing the heart rate, beta blockers decrease the heart's oxygen demand and workload, which can help to prevent future cardiac events. Slowing of the heart rate also allows for more efficient filling of the ventricles, which can improve cardiac output and overall heart function. Additionally, beta blockers can help to stabilize the electrical activity of the heart, which can reduce the risk of arrhythmias in patients who have experienced an MI.