The circulating nurse in the operating room is observing the surgical technologist while applying a sterile gown and gloves to care for a patient having an appendectomy. Which behaviors indicate to the nurse that the procedure by the surgical technologist is correct? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because slipping arms into arm holes simultaneously minimizes contamination risk. Choice A is incorrect because tying the back of the gown should be done by someone else to maintain sterility. Choice B is incorrect as touching the inside of the gown can introduce contamination. Choice D is incorrect as fingers should be extended gradually into the gloves to prevent tearing and contamination.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Airborne route. In this scenario, the most likely means of transmission is through the air, as the woman is coughing and sneezing. Respiratory droplets containing the infectious agents can be inhaled by the man, leading to potential infection. Direct contact (choice A) involves physical touching, which is not evident in the situation. Indirect contact (choice B) would involve touching contaminated surfaces, which is less likely with airborne infections. Vectors (choice C) refer to organisms that transmit diseases, like mosquitoes, which are not relevant to this case. Therefore, the airborne route is the most plausible means of transmission in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prodromal stage. During this stage, the student experiences early symptoms like fever and fatigue, and viral shedding is high, making them most infectious. In contrast, during the incubation period (A), the virus is replicating but symptoms are not yet present. In the full stage of illness (C), symptoms are pronounced but infectiousness may decrease. In the convalescent period (D), the student is recovering and viral shedding decreases, reducing infectivity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nosocomial. A nosocomial infection is an infection acquired in a healthcare setting, such as a hospital. In this case, the client contracted MRSA during her hospital stay for hip replacement surgery. MRSA is a type of bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics and is commonly found in healthcare settings. Explanation: A: Nosocomial - Correct. MRSA infection acquired in the hospital setting. B: Viral - Incorrect. MRSA is a bacterial infection, not viral. C: Iatrogenic - Incorrect. Iatrogenic refers to illnesses caused by medical treatment. D: Antimicrobial - Incorrect. Antimicrobial refers to substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, not a type of infection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because compliance with hand hygiene among health care personnel can be challenging due to various factors such as time constraints, forgetfulness, and lack of awareness. This is supported by research showing that many health care workers struggle to consistently adhere to proper hand hygiene protocols. A is incorrect because hand hygiene is often not consistently followed by all health care personnel. C is incorrect because all health care personnel, not just nurses, should practice hand hygiene. D is incorrect because wearing gloves does not replace the need for hand hygiene, as gloves can become contaminated and proper hand hygiene is still necessary to prevent the spread of infection.