The cholesterol synthesis inhibitors increase the rate of clearance of LDL cholesterol from the plasma. This consideration is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, like statins, reduce cholesterol production in the liver, leading to an upregulation of LDL receptors on hepatocytes. This increases the clearance of LDL cholesterol from the plasma, ultimately lowering LDL levels. Therefore, the statement that cholesterol synthesis inhibitors increase the rate of clearance of LDL cholesterol from the plasma is true. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the relationship between cholesterol synthesis inhibitors and LDL cholesterol clearance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fludrocortisone. Fludrocortisone is a synthetic steroid that primarily exhibits mineralocorticoid activity. It is commonly used to treat adrenal insufficiency due to its potent mineralocorticoid effects. Hydrocortisone (A) is a natural steroid with both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity. Spironolactone (B) is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts as an aldosterone antagonist, reducing the effects of aldosterone. Dexamethasone (C) is a synthetic steroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties but minimal mineralocorticoid activity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Penicillins. Penicillins demonstrate bactericidal effects by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis and death. Tetracyclines and macrolides are bacteriostatic, inhibiting bacterial growth but not directly killing them. Choice D is incorrect as not all antibiotics listed exhibit bactericidal effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice B (Taking of drinks with alkaline pH) being correct: 1. Sulfonamides are more soluble in alkaline solutions, reducing the risk of precipitation. 2. Alkaline pH helps in preventing the formation of crystals in the urine. 3. Alkaline drinks can help maintain a higher urinary pH, minimizing the risk of crystalluria. 4. This approach is supported by medical literature and pharmacological principles. Summary: - Choice A (Taking of drinks with acid pH) is incorrect as it may exacerbate sulfonamide precipitation and crystalluria. - Choice C (Taking of saline drinks) is incorrect as it does not address the solubility issues of sulfonamides. - Choice D (Restriction of drinking) is incorrect as hydration is essential to prevent crystalluria.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metronidazole. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for extraluminal amebiasis due to its high efficacy against Entamoeba histolytica. It is a nitroimidazole antibiotic that works by disrupting the DNA structure of the parasite. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Iodoquinol is mainly used for luminal amebiasis. C: Diloxanide is also used for luminal amebiasis. D: Tetracycline is not the first-line treatment for extraluminal amebiasis.