The child who imitates a bridge of 3 cubes, copies a circle, makes a tower of 10 cubes, and imitates a cross is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) 36 months old. The behaviors described indicate the child's level of development according to Piaget's stages of cognitive development. At around 36 months (3 years old), children typically exhibit the ability to imitate complex shapes like a bridge of 3 cubes and a circle, as well as engage in more advanced construction play like building a tower of 10 cubes. Imitating a cross demonstrates the child's ability to reproduce a more abstract symbol. Option A) 24 months old is incorrect because children at this age typically do not have the cognitive capacity to imitate complex shapes or engage in advanced construction play like building a tower of 10 cubes. Option B) 30 months old is also incorrect because while children at this age may begin to imitate simple shapes and engage in some construction play, they are unlikely to be able to replicate the behaviors described in the question. Option D) 42 months old is incorrect because by this age, children would have typically moved beyond the described behaviors and exhibit more advanced cognitive abilities than those indicated in the question. Understanding the expected developmental milestones in children is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric populations. By recognizing and assessing children's cognitive abilities, healthcare providers can better support their overall development and tailor interventions to meet their individual needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) Injected sclerae. This is not a typical feature of upper respiratory infections (URI) in children. Fever (option A) is a common symptom of URI as the body's immune response raises the temperature to fight off the infection. Clear rhinorrhea (option B) is also typical in URI, as it signifies a runny or congested nose. Productive cough (option D) is another common feature of URI, where the body tries to expel mucus or irritants from the respiratory tract. Injected sclerae, or redness of the eyes, is not typically associated with URIs but can be seen in other conditions like conjunctivitis or allergies. Educationally, understanding the typical features of URI in children is crucial for healthcare providers to accurately diagnose and manage these common infections. Recognizing atypical symptoms like injected sclerae can help differentiate URI from other conditions that may require different treatment approaches. This knowledge is essential for pediatric nurses, nurse practitioners, and other healthcare professionals caring for children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Her behavior is common among school-age children. This option is correct because it reflects a developmental stage where children, especially around 9 years old, are exploring their identity and forming peer relationships. Building a clubhouse and establishing rules like 'No boys allowed' is a typical way for children to assert their independence and create a sense of belonging with their same-sex peers. It is a normal part of social development and should not be a cause for concern. Option A) Her behavior is concerning and should be addressed is incorrect because it pathologizes normal childhood behavior. It is crucial for parents and educators to understand typical developmental milestones to avoid misinterpreting natural behaviors as problematic. Option C) Her feelings about boys will subside within a year is incorrect as it oversimplifies the complexity of social and emotional development in children. Feelings and behaviors towards peers evolve over time and are influenced by various factors beyond a simplistic time frame. Option D) They should have her speak with a school counselor is not necessary in this scenario unless there are other concerning behaviors or issues present. Seeking counseling should be based on a comprehensive assessment of the child's well-being and not solely on a common, age-appropriate behavior like establishing gender-specific play boundaries. Educationally, understanding child development and age-appropriate behaviors is essential for parents and educators to support children effectively. By recognizing typical behaviors like the one described in the question, adults can foster a supportive environment that allows children to navigate their social world while feeling understood and accepted.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) A 3-year-old who had impetigo 1 week ago. Glomerulonephritis is often caused by poststreptococcal infection, and impetigo, a skin infection caused by Streptococcus, can lead to this condition. The child with impetigo is at risk due to the potential for the streptococcal infection to progress to glomerulonephritis. Option B) A 5-year-old with five UTIs in the previous year is incorrect because UTIs do not typically lead to glomerulonephritis unless they are recurrent and left untreated. Option C) A 6-year-old with new-onset type 1 diabetes is incorrect as diabetes does not directly increase the risk of glomerulonephritis; it is more associated with diabetic nephropathy. Option D) A 10-year-old recovering from viral pneumonia is incorrect because viral pneumonia does not predispose to glomerulonephritis unless there are complicating factors. Educationally, understanding the risk factors for glomerulonephritis is crucial for pediatric nurses and healthcare providers to provide appropriate care and interventions to prevent complications. Recognizing the connection between certain infections like impetigo and the development of glomerulonephritis is essential for early identification and management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question about risk factors for birth brachial plexus injury, the correct answer is D) diabetic mother. The correct answer is right because diabetes in the mother is not a direct risk factor for birth brachial plexus injury. The risk factors for this type of injury usually involve issues during delivery, such as shoulder dystocia (A), birthweight greater than 4 kg (B), and primiparous mothers (C). Shoulder dystocia can occur when the baby's shoulder gets stuck behind the mother's pubic bone during delivery, increasing the risk of brachial plexus injury. A higher birth weight can also contribute to shoulder dystocia and subsequent brachial plexus injury. Primiparous mothers, who are giving birth for the first time, may have a higher risk due to inexperience and potential difficulties during delivery. Educationally, understanding the risk factors for birth brachial plexus injury is crucial for healthcare professionals working in obstetrics and pediatrics. By recognizing these risk factors, healthcare providers can take preventive measures, provide appropriate care during delivery, and be vigilant for signs of potential injury to ensure the best possible outcomes for both mother and baby.