The child who can transfers object from hand to hand and babbles has achieved the developmental age of

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding developmental milestones is crucial for assessing a child's growth and development. In this question, the correct answer is B) 6 months. At this age, a child should be able to transfer objects from hand to hand and babble. This milestone signifies the development of fine motor skills and language abilities. Option A) 4 months is incorrect because by this age, a child typically starts to grasp objects but may not have developed the ability to transfer them between hands or babble coherently. Option C) 8 months is incorrect as by this age, a child should have already mastered the ability to transfer objects between hands and may have progressed to more advanced fine motor skills. Option D) 10 months is also incorrect as by this age, a child should have further refined their fine motor skills and language abilities beyond the basic milestones of transferring objects and babbling. Educationally, knowing these developmental milestones helps nurses and healthcare providers monitor a child's progress, identify any potential delays or concerns, and provide appropriate interventions or support if needed. It also aids in building strong foundations for future learning and development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Estimating the prevalence of a disease involves calculating the proportion of individuals in a population who have the disease at a specific point in time. In this case, with 57,000 individuals infected out of a total population of 530,000, we can calculate the prevalence as follows: Prevalence = (Number of cases / Total population) x 100 Prevalence = (57,000 / 530,000) x 100 Prevalence = 10.75% Therefore, option C, 10.75%, is the correct answer. Option A, 5.33%, is incorrect because it underestimates the prevalence by not considering the total number of cases in relation to the total population. Option B, 7.45%, is also incorrect as it is not the closest estimate to the calculated prevalence of 10.75%. Option D, 20.22%, is incorrect as it overestimates the prevalence by considering a higher proportion of the population as infected compared to the actual calculation. Understanding how to calculate disease prevalence is crucial in epidemiology and public health as it helps in assessing the burden of diseases on populations, planning appropriate interventions, and evaluating the effectiveness of public health programs. Being able to interpret and calculate prevalence rates is a fundamental skill for healthcare professionals working in maternal and pediatric care to effectively address and manage infectious diseases in vulnerable populations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the developmental stage of preschool children, egocentric thinking is a characteristic that is actually typical and expected. Preschoolers tend to see the world from their own perspective, often struggling to understand others' viewpoints. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it does not align with the typical developmental characteristics of preschoolers. Option A states that handedness is achieved by 3 years of age, which is a common milestone indicating the dominance of one hand over the other. Option B suggests that boys are usually later than girls in achieving bladder control, which is accurate due to physiological differences. Option C mentions knowing gender by 4 years, which is also a common developmental milestone as preschoolers begin to identify and understand gender differences. Understanding the developmental stages of children is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in fields like maternity and pediatric nursing. This knowledge helps in assessing children's growth, identifying potential issues, and providing appropriate care and support. By recognizing typical developmental milestones, healthcare professionals can also educate parents and caregivers on what to expect and how to promote healthy development in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Hemoglobin 7 gm/dL. A low hemoglobin level indicates anemia, which can lead to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood. In premature infants, who already have underdeveloped respiratory and hematologic systems, this can increase the risk of postoperative apnea. Option B) Glucose 61 mg/dL, while low, is not directly related to the risk of postoperative apnea in this context. Option C) Room air SpO2 92% is slightly lower than the normal range but not significantly concerning for predicting postoperative apnea. Option D) N/A does not provide any relevant information. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of considering the unique physiological vulnerabilities of premature infants when planning surgical interventions. It underscores the need for healthcare providers to assess and address potential risk factors to optimize outcomes for this vulnerable population. Understanding the impact of anemia on oxygen delivery can help guide clinical decision-making and improve patient safety in pediatric surgical settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In children with asthma, the correct answer, D) None of the above, is least likely to be necessary as preoperative preparations. This is because children with asthma should ideally have their asthma well-controlled prior to any surgical procedure to minimize the risk of perioperative complications. Option A) Increasing beta-agonist dosage may be necessary if the child is experiencing worsening asthma symptoms, but ideally, this should be addressed prior to the surgery to ensure stability. Option B) Adding systemic steroids may be considered in some cases to manage acute exacerbations of asthma, but this should also be addressed before the surgery to ensure optimal control. Option C) Bronchodilator therapy is a fundamental part of asthma management and should be continued as part of the child's routine care, including in the preoperative period. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially nurses, to understand the importance of optimizing asthma control in children before any surgical procedure to prevent respiratory complications. This question highlights the need for comprehensive preoperative assessments and interventions to ensure the best outcomes for pediatric patients with asthma.