ATI RN
NCLEX Questions Pediatric Infectious Diseases Questions
Question 1 of 5
The chest radiograph of primary pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) usually reveals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PPHN X-rays typically show normal lung fields (B), as it’s a vascular issue, per radiology.
Question 2 of 5
Nocardia infection is an acute, subacute, or chronic suppurative infection that primarily causes pulmonary disease in immunocompromised patients. The hallmark of Nocardia infection is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nocardia infections are characterized by remissions and exacerbations, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Question 3 of 5
A 1-year-old child experiences ascending paralysis with peripheral neuropathy (cranial nerves are normal); the CSF is normal except for an elevated protein level. The likely infectious agent precipitating this syndrome is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Campylobacter jejuni is a common trigger for Guillain-Barré syndrome, characterized by ascending paralysis and elevated CSF protein.
Question 4 of 5
A 6-year-old child is brought to your office because a tiny tick was found and removed from his forearm. The parents are unsure how long the tick had been attached, although they thought that it probably had not been there for more than 1 day. They live in an area in which Lyme disease is common. The next step in the proper treatment of this patient should be to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Short tick attachment (<24 hours) poses low risk; observation for erythema migrans is sufficient without prophylaxis.
Question 5 of 5
A child who returned 2 weeks ago from equatorial Africa is admitted in a coma, with high fever and a palpable spleen. The liver is not enlarged. Laboratory studies reveal hypoglycemia, but the CSF is essentially normal. An immediate working diagnosis would be
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Falciparum malaria can cause coma, fever, splenomegaly, and hypoglycemia with normal CSF.