ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The chemotherapeutic DNA alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustards are effective because they:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chemotherapeutic DNA alkylating agents, such as nitrogen mustards, work by forming covalent bonds between alkyl groups on the drug and DNA strands. This cross-linking interferes with DNA replication and transcription, ultimately leading to cell death. This mechanism of action makes the alkylating agents effective in targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Question 2 of 5
The patient has been prescribed dextromethorphan (Delsym). What medication information should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dextromethorphan suppresses cough but with alcohol or overdose can cause CNS effects like slurred speech . Smoking isn't directly relevant. It acts within 15-30 minutes, not an hour . Choice D instructs on recognizing toxicity, ensuring safety and prompt reporting.
Question 3 of 5
A 38-year-old man with hypertension experiences a first ever attack of acute pain, redness and tenderness in the left first metatarsophalangeal joint ('podagra'). His medication is furosemide, calcium carbonate and irbesartan. Serum uric acid is 0.78 mmol/L (upper limit of normal for men 0.48 mmol/L). Which of the following is most appropriate pharmacotherapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute gout (podagra) requires rapid inflammation relief. Paracetamol offers analgesia but no anti-inflammatory effect, inadequate here. Aspirin, at low doses, retains uric acid, worsening gout; at high doses, it's uricosuric but not ideal acutely. Probenecid lowers uric acid long-term, not for acute attacks. Allopurinol prevents gout but can precipitate attacks if started now. Diclofenac, an NSAID, reduces inflammation and pain fast, the most appropriate acute treatment. Its efficacy targets gout's pathophysiology, critical for symptom control.
Question 4 of 5
Which condition does the nurse identify as a late manifestation of hypokalemia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Palpitations are a late manifestation of hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is a condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood. Potassium plays a vital role in maintaining normal heart function. When potassium levels are low, it can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, including palpitations. Other symptoms of hypokalemia, such as muscle weakness, lethargy, and even hypotension, may be present before palpitations occur. Therefore, palpitations are considered a late manifestation of hypokalemia that signals significant potassium depletion and should be addressed promptly to prevent serious cardiac complications.
Question 5 of 5
The following drugs may be administered transcutaneously to produce their systemic therapeutic effect:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: GTN patches deliver the drug transdermally, bypassing first-pass metabolism and providing systemic therapeutic action.