The chemical classification of hormones does NOT include __________.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: glucose-containing hormones. Hormones are classified based on their chemical structure, and glucose-containing hormones do not fit into any of the main categories (steroid, protein-based, amino acid-based). Glucose is a sugar molecule and not typically found as the primary chemical structure of hormones. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol, protein-based hormones are made of amino acids, and amino acid-based hormones are derived from single amino acids or peptides. Therefore, glucose-containing hormones do not align with the traditional chemical classifications of hormones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: The pancreas is an elongated organ located behind the stomach. Step 2: The tail of the pancreas is the left end of the organ and is closest to the hilum of the spleen. Step 3: The spleen and the tail of the pancreas are adjacent to each other in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is D: Tail. Summary: - A: Head is incorrect as it is the right end of the pancreas, farther away from the spleen. - B: Neck is incorrect as it is the narrow portion between the head and body, not near the spleen. - C: Body is incorrect as it is the central and longest part of the pancreas, not near the spleen. - D: Tail is correct as it is the left end of the pancreas, nearest to the hilum of the spleen.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Proximal part of dorsal pancreatic bud. The accessory pancreatic duct originates from the dorsal pancreatic bud during embryonic development. This is because the dorsal pancreatic bud gives rise to the body and tail of the pancreas, which includes the accessory pancreatic duct. The proximal part of the dorsal pancreatic bud specifically gives rise to the proximal part of the accessory pancreatic duct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they refer to the distal part of the dorsal pancreatic bud, the distal part of the ventral pancreatic bud, and the proximal part of the ventral pancreatic bud, respectively, which are not associated with the origin of the accessory pancreatic duct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. T3, T4, and calcitonin are hormones secreted by the thyroid gland. 2. Thyroid gland is responsible for producing and releasing these hormones. 3. T3 and T4 regulate metabolism, while calcitonin helps regulate calcium levels. 4. Parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, not T3, T4, or calcitonin. 5. These hormones are not secreted in response to declining plasma levels of calcium. 6. T3, T4, and calcitonin are not steroids, they are peptide hormones. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The adrenal cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces steroid hormones. 2. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol and aldosterone. 3. Therefore, the adrenal cortex is the target gland of ACTH, making choice A correct. Summary: A. Correct - The adrenal cortex is the target gland of ACTH. B. Incorrect - The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines (e.g., adrenaline, noradrenaline). C. Incorrect - The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, not the adrenal cortex. D. Incorrect - ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin are produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland, not the adrenal cortex.