ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The charge nurse assigned the care of a patient with acute kidney failure and hypernatremia to a newly graduated RN. Which actions can the new RN delegate to the assistive personnel (AP)? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Assessing daily weights for trends can be delegated to assistive personnel (AP) as it involves a straightforward task of measuring and recording weights. Step 2: Providing oral care every 3 to 4 hours is a task that APs can handle as it does not require specialized nursing knowledge. Step 3: Monitoring for indications of dehydration can be delegated to APs as it involves observing and reporting visible signs and symptoms. Step 4: Helping the patient change position every 2 hours is a task that APs can perform to prevent pressure ulcers and promote circulation. Step 5: Recording urine output when the patient voids can be delegated to APs as it is a task that involves measuring and documenting output.
Question 2 of 5
What term is synonymous with the fluid component of blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: plasma. Plasma is the fluid component of blood, containing water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products. It constitutes about 55% of blood volume. Interstitial fluid (B) is found between cells, not in the blood. Extracellular fluid (C) includes both plasma and interstitial fluid. Lymph (D) is a clear fluid derived from interstitial fluid that flows in lymphatic vessels.
Question 3 of 5
Which type of transcellular fluid is associated with the intestines?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: peritoneal fluid. The peritoneal fluid is found in the peritoneal cavity, which surrounds the intestines. It provides lubrication and protection for the intestines during movement and digestion. The other choices, B: pericardial fluid, C: intrapleural fluid, and D: synovial fluid, are associated with different body cavities and functions unrelated to the intestines. Pericardial fluid is found in the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart, intrapleural fluid is found in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs, and synovial fluid is found in joints for lubrication and cushioning.
Question 4 of 5
What is the primary anion of the ICF?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary anion of the intracellular fluid (ICF) is the phosphate ion (C). Phosphate ions play a crucial role in various cellular processes such as energy production (ATP), DNA/RNA synthesis, and buffering intracellular pH. Bicarbonate ion (A) is mainly found in the extracellular fluid, while chloride ion (B) is the major anion in the extracellular fluid. Anionic proteins (D) are not typically considered the primary anion of the ICF. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it best reflects the major anion present in the intracellular fluid.
Question 5 of 5
What is the most important long-term regulator of blood pressure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: urinary output by the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure by adjusting the volume of blood in circulation through the control of water and electrolyte balance. Increased urinary output decreases blood volume, leading to a decrease in blood pressure, while decreased urinary output increases blood volume and blood pressure. This long-term regulation mechanism helps maintain blood pressure within a normal range over time. A: the baroreceptor reflex is a short-term regulator that responds to acute changes in blood pressure. C: shifting of fluid between interstitial fluid and plasma may affect blood volume temporarily but is not the primary long-term regulator of blood pressure. D: the thirst mechanism regulates fluid intake to maintain hydration but does not directly regulate blood pressure.