ATI RN
Basic Immune System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
the characteristic of blood types AB is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: a general receptor. Blood type AB individuals have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells, making them universal recipients since they can receive blood from all blood types without rejection. This is because they have no antibodies against A or B antigens. The other choices are incorrect because blood type AB individuals cannot be universal donors (choice B) as they have both A and B antigens, not making them suitable for all recipients. They are not both a receptor and donor (choice C) as they can only receive blood from all types, not donate to all. Lastly, they are not neither donating nor a receptor (choice D) since they can receive blood from all types, making them a receptor.
Question 2 of 5
What is the medical term for the breakdown of red blood cells?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hemolysis. Hemolysis is the medical term for the breakdown of red blood cells. This process releases hemoglobin and other components into the bloodstream. Leukocytosis (A) is an increase in white blood cells, thrombocytosis (B) is an increase in platelets, and anemia (D) is a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin levels. In this context, hemolysis specifically refers to the breakdown of red blood cells, making it the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following does not describe defensins?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: They function as opsonins. Rationale: 1. Defensins disrupt pathogen membranes by penetrating them (A), not by functioning as opsonins. 2. Defensins are amphipathic (C), having hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, which aid in membrane disruption. 3. Defensins are contained in neutrophil granules (D), contributing to their role in the immune response. Summary: Choice B is incorrect because defensins do not function as opsonins, which are molecules that enhance phagocytosis of pathogens by immune cells. Choices A, C, and D correctly describe aspects of defensins' mechanism of action and localization.
Question 4 of 5
All of the following can be a consequence of the formation of NETS with the exception of:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) are released by neutrophils to trap and kill microbes extracellularly. Step 1: NETs are composed of DNA, histones, and antimicrobial proteins. Step 2: They trap microbes at the site of infection. Step 3: The antimicrobial proteins in NETs kill the trapped microbes. Step 4: Neutrophils themselves do not contain microbes inside phagolysosomes, so the killing of microbes contained in phagolysosomes is not a direct consequence of NET formation. Therefore, choice A is the exception. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are all consequences of NET formation.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is a characteristic of the constant region of a T cell receptor?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anchors the receptor in the T cell membrane. The constant region of a T cell receptor is responsible for anchoring the receptor in the T cell membrane, providing stability and structural support. This region does not mediate antigen binding (choice A), as that function is carried out by the variable region. It also does not directly interact with MHC molecules (choice C), which is primarily the role of the variable region. Lastly, the constant region is not structurally diverse amongst T cell receptors (choice D), as it remains relatively consistent within a specific T cell subtype.