The changes brought forth by the state boards of nursing are an example of which type of change agent?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Power-coercive. State boards of nursing have the authority to enforce regulations and standards through legal power, making them a power-coercive change agent. They can mandate compliance and impose consequences for non-compliance, utilizing their regulatory power to drive change. A: Resistance is incorrect as state boards of nursing do not resist change but rather implement and enforce it. B: Empirical-rational is incorrect as this approach involves presenting data and information to persuade individuals to change, which may not align with the state boards' regulatory enforcement. C: Normative-reeducative is incorrect as it focuses on changing beliefs and values through education and social influence, which is not the primary method used by state boards of nursing for implementing change.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because complaining about a nurse preceptor on social media and discussing their unprofessional characteristics can be considered libel. Libel involves making false and damaging statements about someone that are published and seen by others. This action could harm the preceptor's reputation and potentially lead to legal consequences. Choice A is incorrect because snapping a selfie with a patient, if done with the patient's consent and in compliance with privacy laws, does not necessarily constitute libel. Choice B is incorrect because posting a positive review of a hospital is not libelous as long as it is truthful and does not harm anyone's reputation. Choice C is incorrect because creating a closed online forum for students to discuss clinical experiences without providing client information is a professional and ethical practice that respects privacy and confidentiality.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chaos theory. Chaos theory explains how complex systems, like organizations, can exhibit unpredictable behavior due to small changes in initial conditions. In this context, the interconnectedness and diverse choices within organizations result in unanticipated consequences. Contingency theory (A) focuses on adapting to environmental factors, closed system theory (B) suggests organizations are isolated from the environment, and open system theory (C) emphasizes interactions with the external environment, but none directly address the unpredictable consequences arising from intertwined links and diverse choices within organizations like Chaos theory does.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Contact precautions. This is because purulent drainage indicates the presence of infectious material that can easily be transmitted through direct contact. By implementing contact precautions, the nurse can prevent the spread of infection to themselves and others. Droplet precautions (A) are used for pathogens spread through respiratory droplets, protective environment (B) is used for immunocompromised patients, and airborne precautions (C) are used for pathogens that remain suspended in the air. These precautions are not relevant to the situation described with purulent drainage.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because ginkgo biloba is commonly used to improve memory and cognitive function, not to relieve nausea. Echinacea is known for immune support (A), feverfew for migraine prevention (B), and ginger for nausea relief (C). Understanding the intended use of each herb is crucial for safe and effective supplementation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the factors listed - cultural background, organizational structure, and method of communication - can significantly impact successful communication. Cultural background influences language, behavior, and perception. Organizational structure affects the flow of information and decision-making processes. The method of communication, such as verbal, non-verbal, written, or digital, determines how effectively messages are conveyed. By considering and adapting to all these factors, communication can be more successful. The other choices, A, B, and C, are incorrect because each factor individually plays a crucial role in communication effectiveness.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because reviewing the information with the client and family should be addressed first to ensure understanding and clarity. This step allows for immediate feedback and corrections if needed, promoting effective education. Taking vital signs (A) can be done after educating the client. Answering questions (B) and evaluating teaching (C) come after providing the necessary information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Social Security Act of 1935 impacted public health nursing by providing financial assistance to families with disabled children. This support helped improve access to healthcare services and resources for disabled children, leading to better health outcomes. The Act did not specifically address mentally disabled individuals, older adults, or opioid addicts in the same way as it did for disabled children. Therefore, choice A is correct as it directly aligns with the Act's provisions for supporting disabled children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Intrinsic values are basic needs for sustaining life. Rationale: 1. Intrinsic values refer to inherent qualities that are fundamental and essential. 2. Basic needs for sustaining life, such as food, water, shelter, and safety, are considered intrinsic values. 3. These needs are universal and essential for human survival. 4. Choices A, C, and D describe different aspects of values but do not capture the core concept of intrinsic values as essential for survival.