The changes brought forth by the state boards of nursing are an example of which type of change agent?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Power-coercive. State boards of nursing have the authority to enforce regulations and standards through legal power, making them a power-coercive change agent. They can mandate compliance and impose consequences for non-compliance, utilizing their regulatory power to drive change. A: Resistance is incorrect as state boards of nursing do not resist change but rather implement and enforce it. B: Empirical-rational is incorrect as this approach involves presenting data and information to persuade individuals to change, which may not align with the state boards' regulatory enforcement. C: Normative-reeducative is incorrect as it focuses on changing beliefs and values through education and social influence, which is not the primary method used by state boards of nursing for implementing change.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the factors listed - cultural background, organizational structure, and method of communication - can significantly impact successful communication. Cultural background influences language, behavior, and perception. Organizational structure affects the flow of information and decision-making processes. The method of communication, such as verbal, non-verbal, written, or digital, determines how effectively messages are conveyed. By considering and adapting to all these factors, communication can be more successful. The other choices, A, B, and C, are incorrect because each factor individually plays a crucial role in communication effectiveness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bioterrorism. This is because bioterrorism poses a serious threat to public health and healthcare systems worldwide, requiring preparedness and response strategies. - A: Decreased immigration is not a significant emerging challenge to changes in healthcare. - B: Nursing staff shortages are an ongoing issue but not necessarily a new emerging challenge. - D: Increased surgical procedures may strain resources but are not a specific emerging challenge like bioterrorism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To identify best practices and implement them. Benchmarking in healthcare involves comparing practices, processes, and outcomes with top-performing organizations to identify best practices and improve performance. By analyzing successful strategies and implementing them, healthcare organizations can enhance their quality of care and efficiency. Choice A is incorrect as benchmarking focuses on learning from others rather than just comparing metrics. Choice C is incorrect as compliance is not the primary purpose of benchmarking. Choice D is incorrect as developing new clinical guidelines is a separate process from benchmarking.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because ginkgo biloba is commonly used to improve memory and cognitive function, not to relieve nausea. Echinacea is known for immune support (A), feverfew for migraine prevention (B), and ginger for nausea relief (C). Understanding the intended use of each herb is crucial for safe and effective supplementation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Strong emphasis on interdisciplinary teamwork. Magnet-designated hospitals are recognized for their commitment to nursing excellence and quality patient care. Interdisciplinary teamwork is crucial for enhancing patient outcomes and promoting a holistic approach to healthcare. Collaboration among healthcare professionals ensures comprehensive patient care. Other choices are incorrect because high nurse turnover rates, limited professional development opportunities, and a focus on advanced technology do not necessarily define a Magnet-designated hospital.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Providing constructive feedback. Performance appraisals are primarily conducted to give employees feedback on their performance, highlighting strengths and areas for improvement. This helps employees understand their performance, set goals, and develop professionally. Choice B is incorrect as performance appraisals should not be used for punishment but for development. Choice C is incorrect as appraisals focus on identifying performance-related issues, not general issues. Choice D is incorrect because while coaching may be a part of the appraisal process, the main purpose is to provide feedback.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: expert power. Nurses increase their professional influence by demonstrating expertise, knowledge, and skills in their field. This expertise allows them to gain credibility and influence others based on their competence. Expert power is based on respect and trust earned through proficiency in their profession. Choice A (political skills) focuses on manipulation and may not lead to genuine influence. Choice B (reward power) involves using rewards to influence behavior, which is different from professional influence. Choice D (power and politics) is a broad concept that encompasses various types of power dynamics, but expert power specifically highlights the importance of knowledge and skills in increasing influence in the workplace.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Social Security Act of 1935 impacted public health nursing by providing financial assistance to families with disabled children. This support helped improve access to healthcare services and resources for disabled children, leading to better health outcomes. The Act did not specifically address mentally disabled individuals, older adults, or opioid addicts in the same way as it did for disabled children. Therefore, choice A is correct as it directly aligns with the Act's provisions for supporting disabled children.