The cells of which structures contain relatively large numbers of mitochondria?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: PCT cells have many mitochondria for active reabsorption, not glomerulus (filtration) or arteriole (vessel). This identifies energy demand, critical for transport, contrasting with passive sites.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: 10,000 WBC/mm³ (10 WBC/µL unspun) is the threshold for definite UTI significant pyuria confirms infection (e.g., >10/hpf spun). 1,000 is too low normal range. 50,000-100,000 exceed typical severe cases. 10,000 distinguishes it, critical for microscopic diagnosis, unlike subthreshold or excessive counts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) are highly effective for renal colic reduce prostaglandin-mediated ureteral spasm/inflammation, gold standard. Hyoscine butylbromide lacks evidence spasmolysis weak. Atropine isn't used anticholinergic mismatch. Nifedipine (calcium channel blocker) aids passage, not pain adjunct. NSAID efficacy distinguishes it, key to colic relief, unlike antispasmodics or vasodilators.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bladder ruptures are usually extraperitoneal (~60-85%) pelvic fracture association, not intraperitoneal (~15-25%), incorrect. Pelvic fracture link true, common cause. Symptoms (anuria, hematuria, meatal blood) accurate. Retrograde cystogram gold standard, correct. Extraperitoneal predominance distinguishes the error, key to bladder trauma patterns, unlike association, signs, or imaging truths.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Schistosomiasis is the top global hematuria cause parasitic bladder infestation (e.g., S. haematobium) in endemic areas outpaces neoplasia (older adults), infection (UTIs), and BPH (men). Schistosomiasis's prevalence distinguishes it, critical for worldwide epidemiology, unlike age or gender-specific causes.