The cartilage type that lines the end of long bones in synovial joints is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hyaline cartilage. This type of cartilage is found at the ends of long bones in synovial joints because it provides a smooth surface for articulation, reducing friction and allowing for smooth movement. Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage in the body and is characterized by its glassy appearance and ability to withstand compressive forces. Fibrocartilage (choice A) is found in intervertebral discs and has more collagen fibers, making it tougher but less flexible than hyaline cartilage. Elastic cartilage (choice B) contains more elastic fibers and is found in structures like the external ear and epiglottis, providing flexibility and resilience. Cellular cartilage (choice D) is not a recognized type of cartilage and is an incorrect choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Normal amniotic fluid volume. An amniotic fluid index of 18 cm in the 3rd trimester is considered within the normal range (5-25 cm). This level indicates adequate amniotic fluid for fetal development and is not indicative of hydrops fetalis (A), reduced amniotic fluid volume (C), or increased amniotic fluid volume (D). It is crucial to monitor amniotic fluid levels as deviations from the normal range can impact fetal well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clavicle and scapula. The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). The clavicle articulates with the sternum, providing a connection between the upper limb and the axial skeleton. The scapula forms the shoulder joint with the humerus. The sternum is part of the axial skeleton and not directly part of the pectoral girdle. The humerus is a bone of the upper arm and not part of the pectoral girdle. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it accurately represents the bones that make up the pectoral girdle.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cribriform plate. The olfactory nerves pass through the cribriform plate, which is a part of the ethmoid bone located in the anterior cranial fossa. This structure contains numerous small perforations that allow the olfactory nerve fibers to pass through and enter the cranial cavity, specifically the olfactory bulb. The other choices, A, C, and D, are incorrect because the foramen ovale is located in the sphenoid bone and transmits the mandibular nerve, the foramen spinosum transmits the middle meningeal artery, and the superior orbital fissure transmits structures like the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and ophthalmic nerve, but not the olfactory nerves.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.