The brush border enzymes of the small intestine digest:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lactose. Brush border enzymes in the small intestine, specifically lactase, digest lactose into its component sugars, glucose, and galactose. Lactose is a disaccharide found in dairy products that needs to be broken down for absorption. Starch (A) is primarily digested by salivary and pancreatic amylase. Cholesterol esters (B) are broken down by pancreatic enzymes. Galactose (D) is a monosaccharide that is a product of lactose digestion, not directly digested by brush border enzymes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: esophagus. Esophageal carcinoma has the worst prognosis due to its aggressive nature, late presentation, and tendency for metastasis. The esophagus is a narrow tube that can easily obstruct, leading to difficulty swallowing and delayed diagnosis. Stomach, small intestine, and colon carcinomas generally have better prognoses compared to esophageal carcinoma due to earlier detection and treatment options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Low blood glucose is a feature after removal of the pancreas. The pancreas is an important organ that produces insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. After pancreas removal, insulin production is disrupted, leading to high blood glucose. This causes symptoms of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. Choice A is incorrect as the pancreas is not an endocrine gland that secretes heparin; it is actually an endocrine gland that secretes insulin and glucagon. Choice B is also incorrect as high blood glucose, not low blood glucose, is a feature after pancreatic removal. Choice D is incorrect because only choice C is accurate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Bile is produced by the liver. Step 2: The liver synthesizes bile which is then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. Step 3: When needed for digestion, bile is released from the gallbladder into the small intestine. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is B (Liver). Summary: - A (Gallbladder): Stores and concentrates bile but does not produce it. - C (Pancreas): Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, not bile. - D (Hepatic Ducts): Carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder, do not produce bile.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absorption of nutrients. The large intestine's main functions are absorption of water and formation of feces. Nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the large intestine. Choice A is incorrect because the large intestine absorbs water to form solid waste. Choice C is incorrect because the large intestine is responsible for storing and eliminating feces. Choice D is incorrect as the large intestine does not absorb nutrients.