The birthing parent has been watched closely by their health-care team because of their risk factors for delivering prematurely. What items in this patient’s medical history and current diagnosis increase their risk for delivering prematurely? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: history of fibroid removal. Fibroid removal can weaken the cervix, leading to an increased risk of premature delivery. Hypertension (A) and obesity (B) are risk factors for premature delivery but not directly related to fibroid removal. History of premature delivery (C) is a risk factor itself but not directly linked to fibroid removal. Therefore, the history of fibroid removal is the most relevant factor in this case.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Choice A is correct because it indicates that the infant is medically stable, has undergone all necessary discharge screenings, and is up to date on vaccinations. These factors are crucial for ensuring the infant's health and safety post-discharge. Choice B is incorrect as it highlights the caregiver's lack of training, which is essential for managing the infant's needs at home. Choice C is incorrect as it mentions a delay in equipment delivery, which is necessary for the infant's care. Choice D is incorrect as escalating oxygen requirements and temperature instability indicate the infant is not ready for discharge.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Meconium aspiration. Meconium aspiration occurs when a newborn inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid during delivery, leading to inflammation and respiratory distress. Meconium can obstruct the airways and cause chemical pneumonitis, resulting in respiratory compromise. Atelectasis (choice A) is the collapse of part or all of the lung, which can occur secondary to meconium aspiration. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (choice C) is a chronic lung disease in premature infants. Patent ductus arteriosus (choice D) is a heart condition where a blood vessel doesn't close normally after birth. Meconium aspiration is the most immediate risk for the newborn in this scenario due to its impact on the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ballard score. The Ballard score is a tool used to assess neuromuscular and physical maturity in newborns, which correlates with their gestational age. It includes assessment of physical characteristics such as skin texture, lanugo, ear form, breast tissue, and genitalia. This assessment helps healthcare providers determine the newborn's gestational age more accurately. A: Apgar score assesses the newborn's overall health and vitality at one and five minutes after birth. C: Phenylketonuria (PKU) screening is a metabolic test to detect inherited disorders, not related to assessing maturity. D: Length and weight measurements provide important information but do not specifically assess neuromuscular and physical maturity correlating with gestational age.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased surface tension with increased lung compliance. Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing alveolar collapse and increasing lung compliance. This improves gas exchange and reduces the work of breathing. A: Increased pulmonary vascular resistance is incorrect as surfactant does not affect vascular resistance. B: Increased cerebral blood flow is incorrect as surfactant primarily impacts the lungs, not cerebral blood flow. D: Increased blood viscosity is incorrect as surfactant does not alter blood viscosity.