The best treatment for mononucleosis is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the case of mononucleosis, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, the best treatment is rest and fluids (option D). This is because mononucleosis is a viral infection, so antibiotics (option A) are ineffective as they only work against bacterial infections. Physical therapy (option B) and NSAIDs (option C) may help manage symptoms like body aches and fever but do not treat the underlying viral infection. From an educational perspective, understanding the etiology of a condition is essential for determining the appropriate treatment. Mononucleosis is a viral infection that primarily affects the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver, causing symptoms like fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands. Teaching students to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections is crucial in guiding treatment decisions and preventing the misuse of antibiotics, which can contribute to antibiotic resistance. Emphasizing the importance of rest and hydration in supporting the body's immune response is key to managing viral illnesses like mononucleosis effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Hypocalcemia. The observation of facial muscle contraction after tapping the facial nerve anterior to the ear is indicative of Chvostek's sign, which is a clinical manifestation of hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia leads to increased neuromuscular excitability, causing facial muscle twitching in response to nerve stimulation. Option A) Hyponatremia, Option B) Hypokalemia, and Option C) Hypomagnesemia are incorrect because they do not directly cause Chvostek's sign. Hyponatremia is related to sodium levels, hypokalemia to potassium levels, and hypomagnesemia to magnesium levels, not calcium levels like in hypocalcemia. In an educational context, understanding Chvostek's sign is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals as it serves as a clinical indicator of potential hypocalcemia in patients. Recognizing this sign promptly allows for timely intervention and treatment to prevent complications associated with calcium imbalances, such as tetany and seizures. This knowledge underscores the importance of thorough patient assessment and the significance of recognizing subtle clinical signs to provide safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of the ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam, the greatest concern for the development of paralytic ileus postoperatively would be in a patient who has undergone an open right hemicolectomy, which is option B. Paralytic ileus is a common complication following abdominal surgery, especially procedures involving the gastrointestinal tract like a hemicolectomy. This is due to the disruption of normal bowel function and peristalsis during surgery, leading to a temporary paralysis of the intestines. Option A, Kim, who had a laparoscopic appendectomy, would be less concerning as laparoscopic procedures typically have a lower risk of paralytic ileus due to minimal intra-abdominal manipulation. Option C, Nancy, who had a mediastinoscopy, and option D, John, who had a total joint replacement, are not likely to have paralytic ileus as a complication since these surgeries do not directly involve the gastrointestinal tract. Educationally, understanding the risk factors and common complications associated with different surgical procedures is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals caring for postoperative patients. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of paralytic ileus and knowing which patients are at higher risk can help in early detection and appropriate management to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of an ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam, the primary mode of treatment for ankylosing spondylitis is physical therapy (option B). Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine, causing pain, stiffness, and eventually leading to fusion of the vertebrae. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in managing ankylosing spondylitis by improving flexibility, strength, and overall functional ability. It helps maintain mobility, reduce pain, and prevent complications such as spinal deformities. Option A, relaxed posture for comfort, is not the primary mode of treatment for ankylosing spondylitis. While comfort measures may provide temporary relief, they do not address the underlying disease process or prevent long-term complications. Option C, strict bedrest, is not recommended for ankylosing spondylitis as it can lead to further stiffness, muscle weakness, and decreased mobility, exacerbating the condition. Option D, respiratory therapy, is not the primary mode of treatment for ankylosing spondylitis. Respiratory therapy is typically used to treat conditions affecting the lungs and breathing, not specifically ankylosing spondylitis which primarily affects the spine. Educationally, understanding the appropriate treatment modalities for ankylosing spondylitis is essential for nurses and healthcare providers to effectively manage patients with this condition. By recognizing the importance of physical therapy in improving outcomes and quality of life for individuals with ankylosing spondylitis, healthcare professionals can provide holistic care that addresses both the physical and functional aspects of the disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a patient with a second-degree burn, the greater risk for infection (Option B) is the correct answer. Second-degree burns compromise the skin barrier, making the patient more susceptible to bacterial invasion and subsequent infection. The damaged skin is unable to protect against pathogens, increasing the likelihood of infection, which can lead to serious complications like sepsis. Constipation (Option A) is not directly related to the severity of a burn injury. While pain medications or immobility post-burn may contribute to constipation, it is not the primary concern in this scenario. Hypotension (Option C) and hyperglycemia (Option D) are also not typically associated with second-degree burns unless there are underlying conditions or complications present. Educationally, understanding the increased risk of infection in patients with second-degree burns is crucial for providing appropriate care. Proper wound care, infection prevention strategies, and vigilance for signs of infection are essential in managing these patients effectively to prevent further complications and promote optimal healing.