The best treatment for mononucleosis is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the case of mononucleosis, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, the best treatment is rest and fluids (Option D). Mononucleosis is a viral infection, so antibiotics (Option A) are ineffective as they only work against bacterial infections. Physical therapy (Option B) is not indicated as rest is crucial for recovery from mononucleosis. NSAIDs (Option C) may help with symptoms like fever and sore throat, but they do not treat the underlying viral infection. From an educational perspective, understanding the appropriate treatment for specific conditions is essential for healthcare providers. Mononucleosis is a self-limiting viral illness that primarily requires supportive care. Emphasizing the importance of rest and hydration in viral infections like mononucleosis helps students grasp the principles of treating viral illnesses effectively. This knowledge also promotes responsible antibiotic use, reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance. By explaining why certain treatments are appropriate or inappropriate for specific conditions, educators can help learners develop critical thinking skills in clinical decision-making.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse would most likely use an absorptive dressing for the patient in Question 14. Absorptive dressings are designed to manage moderate to heavily exuding wounds by absorbing and retaining wound exudate. These dressings help maintain a moist wound environment conducive to healing while protecting the surrounding skin. Option A, a dry, sterile dressing, would not be ideal for a moderately exuding wound as it may lead to the dressing adhering to the wound bed, causing trauma upon removal. Option C, negative pressure wound therapy, is typically used for wounds with large amounts of exudate or in specific cases where indicated, not for moderate exudate levels. Option D, Telfa dressing with antibiotic ointment, may be used for wounds that require a non-adherent layer, but the focus in this case is on managing exudate effectively. Understanding the appropriate dressing types for various wound presentations is crucial in nursing practice to promote optimal wound healing and prevent complications. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the properties and indications of different dressings to provide effective wound care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best response by the nurse to the new parents of an infant born with Down syndrome is option A) During cell division of the reproductive cells there is an error causing an abnormal number of chromosomes. This is the correct answer because Down syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, known as trisomy 21, which results from a nondisjunction error during cell division in either the egg or sperm. Option B) is incorrect because Down syndrome is not caused by an autosomal recessive gene. Option C) is incorrect as it suggests a transfer of an abnormal gene, which is not the cause of Down syndrome. Option D) is incorrect as translocation involves the exchange of genetic material between non-homologous chromosomes, not the cause of trisomy 21 seen in Down syndrome. Educationally, understanding the genetic basis of conditions like Down syndrome is crucial in healthcare, especially for nurses who provide support and education to families. This knowledge helps in accurately explaining the condition, addressing concerns, and providing appropriate care and resources for individuals with genetic conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B, "These cells will form new blood cells for the recipient," is the correct answer. Hematopoietic stem cells are responsible for the continuous production of blood cells in the body. When a donor provides these stem cells to a recipient in need, they can replenish the recipient's blood cell supply. This process is crucial for patients undergoing treatments like bone marrow transplants. Option A, "They must come from an embryo or umbilical cord," is incorrect because hematopoietic stem cells can also be obtained from adult donors, not just embryos or umbilical cords. It is essential for nurses to provide accurate information to potential donors to dispel any misconceptions they may have about the sources of these stem cells. Option C, "Taking these cells will cause the donor to become anemic," is incorrect. Donating hematopoietic stem cells does not lead to anemia in the donor. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to educate donors about the potential risks and side effects associated with stem cell donation, which typically do not include anemia. Option D, "These cells must be removed with a bone marrow aspiration," is incorrect because hematopoietic stem cells can be obtained through various methods, not just bone marrow aspiration. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about the different techniques used to collect stem cells to provide comprehensive information to donors and recipients. Educationally, understanding the role of hematopoietic stem cells in blood cell production and transplantation is vital for healthcare providers working in fields like oncology, hematology, and transplant medicine. Providing accurate information to potential donors helps ensure informed decision-making and promotes successful outcomes for both donors and recipients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a crucial role in the immune system's response to parasitic infections. IgE is specifically designed to combat parasitic invaders by initiating an allergic response, which includes triggering the release of histamine to expel parasites. This response helps to protect the body from potential harm caused by parasitic organisms. Option B, "Responsible for allergic reactions," is incorrect because while IgE does trigger allergic reactions as part of its defense mechanism against parasites, its primary function is in combating parasitic infections. Option C, "Present on the lymphocyte surface," is incorrect as IgE is not typically found on lymphocytes. Instead, it is produced by plasma cells, a type of B lymphocyte, in response to specific antigens. Option D, "Protects body surfaces and mucous membranes," is incorrect as IgE is not primarily involved in protecting body surfaces and mucous membranes. Its main role lies in combating parasitic infections through allergic responses. In an educational context, understanding the functions of different immunoglobulins, such as IgE, is crucial for healthcare professionals in diagnosing and treating various immune-related conditions. Knowing the specific roles of each immunoglobulin can guide appropriate therapeutic interventions and improve patient outcomes.