The best 'rescue' medication in the treatment of acute asthma symptoms is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) inhaled SABA (Short-Acting Beta Agonist) as the best 'rescue' medication in the treatment of acute asthma symptoms. Inhaled SABAs like albuterol act quickly to dilate the airways, providing immediate relief during an asthma attack. They are the first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbations due to their rapid onset of action. Option A) oral SABA is less preferred in acute asthma attacks because inhaled medications deliver the medication directly to the lungs, leading to faster relief. Oral medications take longer to be absorbed and may not be as effective in urgent situations. Option C) oral corticosteroids are used as adjunct therapy in asthma management to reduce inflammation but are not typically used as rescue medication for acute symptoms. Option D) inhaled ipratropium is not typically used as a rescue medication for acute asthma symptoms. It is more commonly used in combination with SABAs in severe exacerbations or in COPD management. In the pediatric clinical setting, it is crucial for nurses to have a strong understanding of asthma management, including the appropriate use of medications for acute exacerbations. By selecting the correct rescue medication, nurses can help provide prompt and effective care to pediatric patients experiencing asthma attacks, potentially preventing serious complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the prevention of atopic dermatitis in infancy, it is crucial to understand the roles of different measures. The correct answer, C) use of special type napkins, is the exception among the options provided. Atopic dermatitis is a condition linked to genetics and immune system responses, not to the type of napkins used. Breastfeeding (Option A) is recommended as it provides essential nutrients and helps in developing a strong immune system. Feeding with a hypoallergenic hydrolyzed formula (Option B) is suggested for infants at high risk of developing allergies. Elimination of implicated food allergens from the mother's diet (Option D) is important to prevent allergic reactions in infants who are breastfed. Educationally, it is important to highlight the evidence-based practices in the prevention of atopic dermatitis in infants. Understanding why certain measures are effective and others are not helps healthcare providers make informed decisions when caring for infants at risk. By explaining the rationale behind each option, learners can grasp the importance of tailored preventive strategies based on individual needs and risk factors. This question underscores the significance of evidence-based care and critical thinking in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Exfoliative dermatitis is a serious condition characterized by generalized erythema and scaling of the skin, which can be triggered by various factors including atopic dermatitis and inappropriate therapy. In the context of atopic dermatitis with extensive skin involvement, superinfection with Herpes simplex virus can exacerbate exfoliative dermatitis. This occurs due to the direct viral invasion of the already compromised skin barrier, leading to increased inflammation and skin damage. Option A, E. coli, is a common bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract and is not typically associated with causing exfoliative dermatitis in the context described. Option B, Herpes zoster, is responsible for chickenpox and shingles, but it is not a common cause of exfoliative dermatitis in patients with atopic dermatitis. Option D, Streptococcal pyogen, can cause skin infections like impetigo but is not a typical cause of exfoliative dermatitis in this scenario. Educationally, understanding the potential complications and exacerbating factors of dermatologic conditions, especially in patients with underlying skin disorders like atopic dermatitis, is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric clinical nurse specialists. Recognizing the symptoms, understanding the etiology, and differentiating between possible causes of skin manifestations are essential for providing effective care and preventing further complications in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question about Skeeter syndrome, the correct answer is D) mosquito is the responsible agent. This is the true statement because Skeeter syndrome refers to a large local reaction to mosquito bites specifically, not to all stinging or biting insects. The other options are incorrect for the following reasons: A) IgE-mediated response: While IgE antibodies are involved in allergic reactions, Skeeter syndrome is not specifically an IgE-mediated response but rather a localized inflammatory reaction to mosquito saliva. B) Usually occurs in older children: Skeeter syndrome can occur in individuals of any age, not just older children. C) Usually followed by anaphylaxis: Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction involving multiple organ systems. Skeeter syndrome typically does not progress to anaphylaxis. Educationally, understanding Skeeter syndrome is important for healthcare providers, especially those working with pediatric populations. Recognizing the specific characteristics of this reaction can help in providing appropriate care and advice to patients and families. By knowing that mosquitoes are the responsible agents for Skeeter syndrome, healthcare professionals can offer guidance on prevention strategies and managing symptoms effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) cyproheptadine. Cold-induced urticaria is a type of physical urticaria that manifests in response to cold exposure. Cyproheptadine is an antihistamine that can help alleviate the symptoms of cold-induced urticaria by blocking the effects of histamine, which is released during an allergic reaction. Option A) loratadine is a non-sedating antihistamine commonly used for allergies, but it may not be as effective for the specific mechanism of cold-induced urticaria. Option B) epinephrine is typically used for severe allergic reactions like anaphylaxis, not for cold-induced urticaria. Option D) diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that can help with allergic reactions but may not be the most appropriate choice for cold-induced urticaria. In an educational context, understanding the specific treatment options for different types of urticaria is crucial for pediatric clinical nurse specialists to provide effective care for children with these conditions. It is important to be able to differentiate between various triggers and select the most appropriate medication based on the underlying cause of the urticaria to ensure optimal outcomes for pediatric patients.