Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nurse Nilda likely opted to review Erikson's psychosocial theory because completion of each developmental task in the theory results in a sense of competence and contributes to the development of a healthy personality. Erikson's theory outlines different stages of psychosocial development that individuals go through, with each stage presenting a specific conflict or challenge to be resolved. Successfully navigating and resolving these challenges at each stage leads to the development of essential strengths and virtues. For example, in Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority (ages 6 to 11 years), successfully completing tasks related to school, sports, and social interactions can lead to a sense of competence and accomplishment. Conversely, failure to master these tasks can lead to feelings of inadequacy and inferiority. By understanding and applying Erikson's theory, Nurse Nilda can better support individuals in their development and help promote positive outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient is presenting with symptoms consistent with cluster headache. Cluster headaches are characterized by recurrent episodes of severe unilateral (ipsilateral) headache accompanied by lacrimation (tearing from the eyes), rhinorrhea (runny nose), and ptosis (drooping of the eyelid). These headaches often occur in clusters over a period of weeks to months, hence the name "cluster headache."

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Prostatitis is characterized by inflammation of the prostate gland, leading to symptoms such as dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and perineal or pelvic pain. Prostate cancer, on the other hand, is characterized by the presence of malignant cells in the prostate gland and may not present with these typical symptoms. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that can cause urinary symptoms but is not typically associated with inflammation. Urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra, which is a different condition and may present with symptoms such as painful urination and discharge from the urethra.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Urinary tract infections are strongly associated with the occurrence of preterm labor. It is important to screen for and address any urinary tract infections during pregnancy to reduce the risk of complications like preterm labor. Diagnostic procedures, such as obtaining a urine sample for testing, help healthcare providers identify and treat any infections promptly to promote a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, the nurse can explain to Patient Presley that the diagnostic procedure is necessary to detect and address any potential urinary tract infections that could impact her pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Negligence refers to the failure to act or perform duties according to the standard of care expected from a reasonable person in similar circumstances. In this case, Nurse Lina administering a penicillin injection that was ordered for another patient is a clear instance of negligence. It involves a breach of duty by not verifying the correct patient and medication before administration. While malpractice can also encompass negligence, it typically involves a broader scope of professional misconduct or harm caused by a healthcare provider. Assault and battery involve intentional harmful acts, which are not applicable in this situation.