The best foods for a hyperkalemic patient would be

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Beans and chicken are the best foods for a hyperkalemic patient because they are low in potassium. Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood, so it is important for the patient to consume foods that are low in potassium to help regulate their potassium levels. Whole grain bread and pudding may contain higher levels of potassium, while low Na broth may not have a significant impact on potassium levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal failure is the most common cause of hypermagnesemia. In renal failure, the kidneys are unable to properly filter and excrete magnesium, leading to its accumulation in the body. This can result in elevated levels of magnesium in the blood, causing hypermagnesemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium (Na). Sodium is the main cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF) due to its high concentration relative to other cations in the ECF. Sodium plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions. Potassium (A) is the main intracellular cation, while Calcium (C) and Magnesium (D) are also important cations but are not the main cation in the ECF. Therefore, Sodium is the correct answer as it is the primary cation present in the extracellular fluid.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypocalcemia. Tetany and muscle spasms are classic symptoms of low calcium levels. Calcium is essential for muscle contraction and nerve function. Hypocalcemia causes increased excitability of nerves and muscles, leading to tetany and spasms. Incorrect choices: A: Hyperkalemia - High potassium levels do not typically cause tetany or muscle spasms. B: Hypokalemia - Low potassium levels can cause muscle weakness but not tetany. D: Hypernatremia - High sodium levels do not directly lead to tetany or muscle spasms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The normal arterial blood pH is around 7.35-7.45. Option C, 7.45 falls within this range, making it the correct answer. A pH of 7.25 (option A) is considered acidic, while a pH of 7.55 (option D) is alkaline, both outside the normal range. Option B, 7.35, is towards the lower end of the normal range but still within it. Overall, option C is the most appropriate choice as it aligns with the typical arterial blood pH range.