The best foods for a hyperkalemic patient would be

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Beans and chicken are the best foods for a hyperkalemic patient because they are low in potassium. Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood, so it is important for the patient to consume foods that are low in potassium to help regulate their potassium levels. Whole grain bread and pudding may contain higher levels of potassium, while low Na broth may not have a significant impact on potassium levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer to the question, "The most common cause of hypermagnesemia is," is option B) Renal failure. This is because in renal failure, the kidneys lose their ability to effectively filter and excrete magnesium from the body. As a result, magnesium levels in the blood can become elevated, leading to hypermagnesemia. Option A) Hepatic failure is not the most common cause of hypermagnesemia because the liver is not directly involved in regulating magnesium levels in the body. Option C) Pulmonary disorders do not typically lead to hypermagnesemia as magnesium balance is primarily regulated by the kidneys. Option D) Cardiovascular disorders are not a common cause of hypermagnesemia. While certain heart conditions may impact electrolyte levels, they are not directly linked to the development of hypermagnesemia. In an educational context, understanding the causes of hypermagnesemia is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working in nephrology or critical care settings. Recognizing renal failure as a primary cause of hypermagnesemia informs clinical decision-making and treatment strategies to manage electrolyte imbalances effectively. This knowledge is essential for providing safe and quality care to patients with renal dysfunction or electrolyte abnormalities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium (Na). Sodium is the main cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF) due to its high concentration relative to other cations in the ECF. Sodium plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions. Potassium (A) is the main intracellular cation, while Calcium (C) and Magnesium (D) are also important cations but are not the main cation in the ECF. Therefore, Sodium is the correct answer as it is the primary cation present in the extracellular fluid.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypocalcemia. Tetany and muscle spasms are classic symptoms of low calcium levels. Calcium is essential for muscle contraction and nerve function. Hypocalcemia causes increased excitability of nerves and muscles, leading to tetany and spasms. Incorrect choices: A: Hyperkalemia - High potassium levels do not typically cause tetany or muscle spasms. B: Hypokalemia - Low potassium levels can cause muscle weakness but not tetany. D: Hypernatremia - High sodium levels do not directly lead to tetany or muscle spasms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The normal arterial blood pH is around 7.35-7.45. Option C, 7.45 falls within this range, making it the correct answer. A pH of 7.25 (option A) is considered acidic, while a pH of 7.55 (option D) is alkaline, both outside the normal range. Option B, 7.35, is towards the lower end of the normal range but still within it. Overall, option C is the most appropriate choice as it aligns with the typical arterial blood pH range.