ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment 2 Questions
Question 1 of 9
The basic metric unit for the measurement of volume :
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The basic metric unit for the measurement of volume is the liter. Although all the other options are also units used for measuring volume, the liter is considered the basic metric unit. It is often used for measuring larger volumes of liquids or gases. The other options are subunits of a liter:
Question 2 of 9
The nurse plans medication education for a client who receives a prescription for sildenafil (Viagra). What will the best plan by the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sildenafil (Viagra), a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction, has a recommended dosing limit of one pill per 24 hours to prevent overdose risks like prolonged erections or cardiovascular strain, making this a critical safety instruction. Grapefruit juice actually increases sildenafil levels by inhibiting metabolism, not decreasing effects, which could heighten side effects. Timing is optimal at 1 hour before sex, with effectiveness possible up to 4 hours, not 6, ensuring accurate expectations. Taking it on an empty stomach enhances absorption, as food-especially high-fat meals-delays onset, contrary to the food suggestion. The 24-hour limit is foundational for safe use, balancing efficacy with minimizing adverse effects like headache or hypotension, and aligns with standard prescribing guidelines, making it the priority in client education.
Question 3 of 9
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving IV heparin therapy for treatment of a pulmonary embolus. The patient is being converted to warfarin (Coumadin) therapy. The following questions relate nursing considerations when caring for this patient. Nursing considerations for conversion of IV heparin to oral warfarin (Coumadin) therapy will include
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When converting a patient from IV heparin to oral warfarin (Coumadin) therapy, overlapping therapy of both medications for at least 5 days is typically recommended. This overlap ensures that the patient's blood remains appropriately anticoagulated during the transition period. The effectiveness of warfarin is delayed and it takes time for the INR to reach the therapeutic range; therefore, it is important to continue the IV heparin until the INR is within the desired range. Monitoring the INR is essential to adjust the dosages of warfarin accordingly and to ensure that the patient is receiving adequate anticoagulation therapy.
Question 4 of 9
A 44-year-old man is found dead in his home by the police. Reports indicate that the man was heating his one-room apartment with a kerosene space heater. He was found because other people in the apartment complex that he lives at developed headache, lethargy, and confusion. What is the most likely explanation for these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kerosene heater use causing death and symptoms (headache, lethargy) points to carbon monoxide poisoning . CO binds hemoglobin, causing hypoxia. Pneumonia , cyanide , and silica don't fit. CO's silent lethality explains the scenario.
Question 5 of 9
For the patient who is taking nalbuphine, what should the nurse do? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nalbuphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist used for pain management. Like other opioids, it can cause respiratory depression, so monitoring respirations is critical. Bradycardia is another potential side effect that patients should report. Administering nalbuphine undiluted is not standard practice, as it can increase the risk of adverse reactions. Excessive urine output is not associated with nalbuphine use. Therefore, the nurse should focus on monitoring respirations and educating the patient to report bradycardia.
Question 6 of 9
What is the antidote for Heparin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Protamine is the antidote for Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that prevents the formation of blood clots. In case of an overdose of Heparin or if there is a need to reverse its effects quickly (such as during surgery), Protamine is administered as the specific antidote. Protamine works by binding to Heparin and neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Therefore, Protamine is the appropriate antidote to counteract the effects of Heparin.
Question 7 of 9
Which assessment finding, by the nurse, is a priority concern when a client receives pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pseudoephedrine, an oral decongestant, stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors, potentially causing cardiovascular effects like dysrhythmias due to its sympathomimetic action. An irregular heart rate of 82 is a priority concern, signaling possible arrhythmia, which could escalate to serious cardiac events, requiring immediate reporting. A mild fever or elevated respiratory rate could relate to the underlying condition (e.g., infection) rather than the drug. Dry mouth is a common, benign side effect. The nurse focuses on the irregular pulse as it aligns with pseudoephedrine's known risk of dysrhythmias, especially in susceptible patients, making choice C the most urgent finding to address.
Question 8 of 9
Which food items should the nurse advise a patient taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) to avoid?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: MAOIs (e.g., phenelzine) with tyramine-rich foods (chocolate, wine, fava beans) risk hypertensive crisis-per pharmacology-unlike juice/cheese or water/fish. Tyramine avoidance is critical, per diet.
Question 9 of 9
Upon preparing to administer activated charcoal by mouth to treat a patient who took an overdose of aspirin and several unknown drugs, the nurse notes that the patient has become very somnolent and eyes open only to a noxious stimulus. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate at this point?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's decreased level of consciousness (somnolence and only responding to noxious stimuli) indicates a potential deterioration in their condition, possibly due to the overdose. Activated charcoal is contraindicated in patients with an altered mental status due to the risk of aspiration. The nurse should immediately consult the nurse practitioner to reassess the patient's condition and determine the appropriate intervention, such as securing the airway or considering alternative treatments.