ATI RN
Genitourinary System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
The basic function of the renal system includes filtration, secretion, reabsorption, and excretion. Which of the following substances is secreted by the nephrons and can be found in the filtrate that is eventually excreted?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Creatinine. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism and is filtered by the nephrons in the kidneys. It is then secreted into the filtrate and eventually excreted in the urine. A: Amino Acids are reabsorbed by the nephrons, not secreted. C: Sodium is primarily reabsorbed by the nephrons to maintain electrolyte balance. D: Glucose is normally completely reabsorbed by the nephrons unless there is a medical condition such as diabetes where it may be found in the urine.
Question 2 of 5
Branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the kidneys are called _________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Renal arteries. Renal arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta that supply blood to the kidneys. They play a crucial role in delivering oxygenated blood to the kidneys for filtration and waste removal. Choice A, Renal capsules, are fibrous tissue surrounding the kidney, not blood vessels. Choice B, Ureters, are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, not blood vessels. Choice D, Renal Columns, are extensions of the renal cortex in the kidney, not blood vessels. Hence, C is the correct choice as it directly relates to the blood supply of the kidneys.
Question 3 of 5
A 35 year old man heroin addict on methadone maintenance therapy for the last one year, is positive for TB on Chest x-ray. He was started on standard quadri anti-TB drug. He is rushed to ER complaining of withdrawal symptoms. Which of the following anti-TB drugs is likely to cause this patient’s withdrawal reaction?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rifampicin. Rifampicin is known to induce cytochrome P450 enzymes, leading to increased metabolism of methadone and subsequently causing withdrawal symptoms in methadone-maintained patients. Streptomycin (A) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used in TB treatment but does not interact with methadone. INH (C) and Pyrazinamide (D) do not have significant interactions with methadone metabolism. Therefore, Rifampicin is the likely cause of this patient's withdrawal symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
Clavulanic acid is combined with amoxicillin because:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that protects amoxicillin from being destroyed by beta-lactamases produced by certain bacteria. This allows amoxicillin to effectively kill the bacteria. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because clavulanic acid does not affect renal excretion, directly destroy bacteria, or counteract adverse effects of amoxicillin.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drug adverse reactions precludes a patient from being given the same drug in the future?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because Steven-Johnson syndrome is a severe and life-threatening skin reaction that can occur with certain medications like Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole. Once a patient experiences this reaction, they should never be given the same drug again to avoid a potentially fatal outcome. The other choices, GI upset from Clarithromycin, skin rash from Ampicillin, and Clostridium difficile superinfection from Ofloxacin, are adverse reactions that can be managed or treated without completely excluding the drug from future use.