ATI RN
ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation Questions
Question 1 of 5
The baroreceptors, located in the left atrium and in the carotid and aortic arches, respond to changes in the circulating blood volume and regulate sympathetic and parasympathetic neural activity as well as endocrine activities. Sympathetic stimulation constricts renal arterioles, causing what effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decrease in glomerular filtration. Sympathetic stimulation constricts renal arterioles, leading to decreased blood flow to the kidneys. This reduction in blood flow decreases the glomerular filtration rate, impacting the kidney's ability to filter blood and produce urine. The constriction of renal arterioles does not directly affect the release of aldosterone (choice A), filtration in the Loop of Henle (choice B), or the reabsorption of sodium (choice C). The primary effect of sympathetic stimulation on renal arterioles is to decrease glomerular filtration by reducing blood flow to the kidneys.
Question 2 of 5
You are the nurse caring for a patient who is to receive IV daunorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent. You start the infusion and check the insertion site as per protocol. During your most recent check, you note that the IV has infiltrated so you stop the infusion. What is your main concern with this infiltration?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Extravasation of the medication. Extravasation occurs when the infused medication leaks into surrounding tissues, potentially causing tissue damage and necrosis. This is a serious concern with vesicant medications like daunorubicin. If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications. Choice B: Discomfort to the patient is incorrect because while discomfort may occur with infiltration, the main concern is the potential for tissue damage from extravasation. Choice C: Blanching at the site is incorrect as it is a common sign of infiltration, but the main concern is the possibility of extravasation and tissue damage. Choice D: Hypersensitivity reaction to the medication is incorrect as it is a different type of reaction that is not directly related to infiltration or extravasation.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse caring for a patient post colon resection is assessing the patient on the second postoperative day. The nasogastric tube (NG) remains patent and continues at low intermittent wall suction. The IV is patent and infusing at 125 mL/hr. The patient reports pain at the incision site rated at a 3 on a 0-to-10 rating scale. During your initial shift assessment, the patient complains of cramps in her legs and a tingling sensation in her feet. Your assessment indicates decreased deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) and you suspect the patient has hypokalemia. What other sign or symptom would you expect this patient to exhibit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dilute urine. Hypokalemia can lead to kidney dysfunction, causing the kidneys to excrete more water along with electrolytes, resulting in dilute urine. This is a manifestation of the body's attempt to compensate for low potassium levels by excreting excess water. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Diarrhea is more commonly associated with hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia. C) Increased muscle tone is not a typical sign of hypokalemia; rather, hypokalemia can lead to muscle weakness or paralysis due to impaired muscle function. D) Joint pain is not a typical symptom of hypokalemia; joint pain is more commonly associated with other conditions such as arthritis or inflammation.
Question 4 of 5
You are caring for a patient who is being treated on the oncology unit with a diagnosis of lung cancer with bone metastases. During your assessment, you note the patient complains of a new onset of weakness with abdominal pain. Further assessment suggests that the patient likely has a fluid volume deficit. You should recognize that this patient may be experiencing what electrolyte imbalance?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypercalcemia. Bone metastases in lung cancer can lead to increased release of calcium into the blood, causing hypercalcemia. The patient's symptoms of weakness and abdominal pain are consistent with hypercalcemia. Hypernatremia (choice A) is unlikely as the symptoms do not align with high sodium levels. Hypomagnesemia (choice B) and hypophosphatemia (choice C) are less likely as they are not typically associated with bone metastases in lung cancer. In summary, the patient's presentation of weakness and abdominal pain in the setting of lung cancer with bone metastases points to hypercalcemia as the most likely electrolyte imbalance.
Question 5 of 5
. A medical nurse educator is reviewing a patients recent episode of metabolic acidosis with members of the nursing staff. What should the educator describe about the role of the kidneys in metabolic acidosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help restore balance. Rationale: 1. In metabolic acidosis, the blood pH is low due to excess acid in the body. 2. To restore pH balance, the kidneys excrete hydrogen ions (acid) and conserve bicarbonate ions (a base). 3. By excreting acid and retaining base, the kidneys help neutralize the excess acid in the body. 4. Option B accurately describes the role of the kidneys in metabolic acidosis. Incorrect Choices: A: Incorrect. The kidneys do not retain hydrogen ions in metabolic acidosis; they excrete them. C: Incorrect. While the kidneys do play a role in correcting imbalances, they do not react rapidly in metabolic acidosis. D: Incorrect. The kidneys do regulate bicarbonate levels, but this is not the primary action in metabolic acidosis.