ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The average time of closure of the posterior fontanel is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The posterior fontanel closat 2 months on average, per pediatric standards. Smaller than the anterior, it fusby 1-3 months postnatally as occipital suturmature. Two weeks is too early, while 12-20 months (C-E) apply to the anterior fontanel or anomalies. Early closure reflects rapid posterior skull growth cessation. Clinical observations (e.g., AAP) establish 2 months as the norm, making B the correct answer, distinct from longer anterior timelines.
Question 2 of 5
Migraine variants and complications include all of the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Migraine variants include cyclic vomiting , amaurosis fugax , alternating hemiplegia , and confusional stat, per ICHD-3, tied to migraine pathophysiology. Cluster headachare a distinct trigeminal-autonomic cephalalgia, not a migraine variant, with different featur(e.g., unilateral autonomic signs). This nosologic separation makes A the exception and correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Physical featurof Sydenham chorea include all of the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sydenham chorea, post-streptococcal, featurhypotonia with milkmaids grip , choreic hand , darting tongue , and emotional lability , reflecting basal ganglia dysfunction. Hypertonia contradicts choreas flaccid, involuntary nature; rigidity suggests other conditions (e.g., dystonia). This motor distinction, per rheumatic fever literature, makes A the exception and correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
The grasp and rooting reflexare neonatal reflexthat disappear after six months of life, it may reappear later in life with acquired lesions of the
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frontal lobe lesions cause reappearance of grasp and rooting reflexes, per neurology texts, due to loss of inhibitory control from prefrontal areas. These frontal release signs emerge in adults with dementia or stroke, not typically occipital (B, vision), parietal (C, sensation), temporal (D, memory), or cerebellar (E, coordination) damage. Neonatal reflexvanish by 6 months as cortex matures; their return signals frontal dysfunction. This localization, rooted in cortical maturation, makes A the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
Recoil (the readiness with which an arm or leg springs back to its original position after passive stretching and release) is essentially absent in
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Very premature infants (A, <32 weeks) lack recoil due to severe hypotonia from immature neuromuscular development, per neonatal assessment. Premature (B, 32-36 weeks) show some recoil; near-term and term infants have robust tone. Post-term may exaggerate it. Recoils absence in extreme prematurity, per NICU standards, makes A the correct answer.