ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The average time of closure of the anterior fontanel is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The anterior fontanel closat 18 months on average, per pediatric norms (e.g., Nelson Textbook). It rangfrom 9-24 months, but 18 months is the mean, reflecting cranial suture fusion. Earlier closure (A-C, 12-16 months) occurs in some, while 22 months is late. This milestone tracks brain growth; premature closure may signal craniosynostosis. Longitudinal data confirm 18 months as typical, making D the correct answer, balancing variability and standard development.
Question 2 of 5
Migraine is defined as a recurrent headache with symptom-free intervals and at least three of the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Migraine (ICHD-3) requirrecurrent headachwith featurlike abdominal pain , nausea/emesis , throbbing quality , unilateral location (D in original), relief with sleep , or aura . Absent family history is not a diagnostic criterion; family history supports diagnosis but isnt required. Its exclusion from core features, per migraine definitions, makes D the exception and correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
A 6-year-old recovering from chickenpox becomataxic and unable to walk, with normal exam otherwise. The most likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-varicella cerebellar ataxia is a common, self-limited complication in children, onset days after chickenpox, causing acute ataxia with normal cognition. Encephalitis involvfever and altered mentation. Thrombosis causfocal deficits. Demyelination (e.g., ADEM) is rarer, often post-vaccination. Chorea involvmovements, not ataxia. Cerebellar ataxias viral link makes C the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A 9-year-old female presented with acne that was resistant to treatment, examination revealed fibrovascular lesions on the nose and malar regions. She gave history of seizurstarted in early infancy. This skin lesion is called
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adenoma sebaceum are fibrovascular facial lesions (angiofibromas) in tuberous sclerosis, fitting this 9-year-old with resistant acne-like lesions and infantile seizures. Café au lait maculare flat, brown, in NF1. Ash-leaf spots are hypopigmented in tuberous sclerosis, not facial. Shagreen patch is lumbosacral, not facial. Fibromas are peripheral. Tuberous sclerosiss triad (seizures, intellectual disability, skin lesions) and adenomas malar distribution make B the correct answer, per diagnostic criteria.
Question 5 of 5
The usual normal posture of a full term healthy infant is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Full-term infants exhibit flexion of lower and upper extremiti, per neonatal norms, due to physiologic flexor tone from corticospinal immaturity. Fencing posture is asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, not resting state. Mixed flexion-extension (C-D) or full extension suggest hypotonia or prematurity. Flexion reflects healthy tone, making B the correct answer.