The attending physician ordered a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to patient Sarah in order to validate the medical impression. This imaging technique is done to detect _________.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a specialized medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues within the body. In the context of the scenario provided, an MRI is ordered by the attending physician to validate the medical impression.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The symptoms described - gradual-onset weakness, spasticity, hyperreflexia, positive Babinski sign, and demyelinating plaques in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord - are indicative of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the myelin sheath, leading to the formation of plaques in the central nervous system. The characteristic symptoms of MS include weakness, spasticity (stiffness in muscles), hyperreflexia (exaggerated reflex responses), and positive Babinski sign (upward movement of the big toe). While ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) presents with progressive muscle weakness and atrophy without sensory involvement and demyelinating plaques, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is typically an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy affecting peripheral nerves rather than the central nervous system, and myast

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ella's statement "I will hang myself" directly indicates a desire and intent to commit suicide. This is classified as a suicidal intent, which is a serious concern that requires immediate attention and intervention. It is crucial to take any mention or indication of suicide seriously and seek help from mental health professionals or crisis intervention services.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In qualitative research, the focus is on exploring a phenomenon in-depth, understanding experiences, perceptions, and meanings. Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research does not typically start with a hypothesis to be tested. Instead, qualitative studies often use open-ended questions and flexible methods to gather rich, detailed data that can lead to new insights and theories. The other options - sample, literature review, and data collection - are essential components of the qualitative research process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Albuterol, also known as salbutamol, is a beta-adrenergic agonist medication commonly used for the treatment of conditions such as asthma and COPD. As a beta-adrenergic agonist, albuterol binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, causing bronchodilation, which helps to relieve bronchospasms and improve airflow to the lungs. This action leads to the relaxation of smooth muscle in the airways, thus making breathing easier for patients with COPD or asthma. Anticholinergics, corticosteroids, and methylxanthines have different mechanisms of action and are not directly related to the pharmacological action of albuterol in COPD treatment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best response for the nurse in this situation would be to listen actively to the patient's concerns, acknowledge the lack of information, and offer to address the issue. It is important for healthcare providers to validate the patient's feelings and actively work towards resolving any issues that are causing frustration. By being empathetic and willing to address the problem, the nurse can help improve the patient's experience and build trust in the healthcare team. Dismissing or ignoring the patient's frustration can lead to further dissatisfaction and breakdown in communication. It is crucial for healthcare providers to prioritize open communication and address any concerns or lack of information promptly.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Incident reports (IR) are filed in the Records Section of the hospital. It is important for incident reports to be kept in the Records Section for various reasons. By being filed in the hospital's official records, incident reports are included in the hospital's documentation of events, which is crucial for legal and quality improvement purposes. Placing IRs in the Records Section ensures that they are accessible to relevant personnel who may need to refer to them in the future for investigations, audits, or further actions related to the incidents. Keeping incident reports in a centralized location like the Records Section also helps in standardizing the process of documenting and tracking incidents, maintaining consistency and accountability within the healthcare facility.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The symptoms described in the patient, such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement), and postural instability, along with the presence of a shuffling gait, stooped posture, and masked facies, are classic features of Parkinson's disease. These motor symptoms are primarily caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. This results in an imbalance of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, leading to motor dysfunction and characteristic movement abnormalities seen in Parkinson's disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nurse Sandra should consider Cindy, 7 years old who has been absent due to skin lesions, as a priority for home visitation. Skin lesions can indicate potential health issues that need to be addressed promptly. Cindy's frequent absences could be a sign that her condition is affecting her school attendance and overall well-being. By conducting a home visit, Nurse Sandra can assess Cindy's living environment, provide appropriate care recommendations, and ensure that she receives necessary medical attention. This proactive approach can help address Cindy's health concerns and support her academic performance.