The asthmatic client asked you what breathing techniques he can best practice when asthmatic attack starts. What will be the best position?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why option D is correct: 1. In an asthmatic attack, leaning forward helps to open up the airways. 2. Leaning forward at 30-40 degrees assists in improving airflow during exhalation. 3. This position also helps to reduce the pressure on the diaphragm, making breathing easier. 4. It promotes better oxygen exchange and reduces the feeling of breathlessness. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A. Sitting in high-Fowler's position with extended legs does not facilitate optimal airflow during an asthmatic attack. B. Sitting up with shoulders back may not provide the necessary support for breathing during an asthmatic attack. C. Pushing on the abdomen during exhalation does not directly address the airway obstruction that occurs in an asthmatic attack.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Representativeness. This is because a sample must accurately reflect the characteristics of the population it represents to ensure the generalizability of the findings. Randomization (choice A) helps reduce bias, appropriate location (choice B) is irrelevant, and appropriate number (choice C) is important but not as crucial as representativeness for ensuring the validity of the sample.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor vital signs every 2 hours. This is important in assessing the client's condition post-gastrointestinal bleeding, as vital signs can indicate changes in the client's health status. Monitoring every 2 hours allows for timely detection of any complications or deterioration. A: Planning for 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep is important, but monitoring vital signs takes precedence in this situation. C: Ensuring the client takes food and medications as prescribed is important for recovery, but monitoring vital signs is more immediate for detecting complications. D: Providing milk every 2-3 hours is not indicated post-gastrointestinal bleeding and could potentially worsen the client's condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreased vital capacity. As individuals age, their vital capacity decreases due to a combination of factors such as reduced lung elasticity, weaker respiratory muscles, and decreased lung compliance. This results in a reduced ability to take deep breaths and expel air efficiently. Shallow respirations in the absence of distress indicate a normal physiological change in this elderly client. A: Increased elastic recoil of the lungs is incorrect as aging leads to decreased lung elasticity. B: Increased number of functional capillaries in the alveoli is incorrect as capillary density in the lungs tends to decrease with age. C: Decreased residual volume is incorrect as residual volume typically increases with age due to reduced lung elasticity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Avoid straining during bowel movement or bending at the waist. After cataract surgery, it's crucial to avoid straining to prevent increased intraocular pressure that can affect the healing process. Bending at the waist can also increase pressure in the eyes. The other choices are incorrect because A: Lifting objects weighing more than 5 lb can strain the eyes. B: Lying on your abdomen can also increase pressure in the eyes. C: Keeping rooms brightly lit is not specifically related to post-cataract surgery care.