The assessment of the patient with ingested poison must include________. I. determining the poison ingested and the amount II the time from ingestion and the signs and symptoms III. weight of the patient IV. Patient's immunization history

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The assessment of a patient who has ingested poison must include determining the poison ingested and the amount (I), the time from ingestion and the signs and symptoms (II), as well as the weight of the patient (III). These factors are essential in evaluating the severity of the poisoning and determining the appropriate treatment plan. However, the patient's immunization history (IV) is not directly relevant to the assessment of ingested poison and thus is not essential in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's presentation of urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and suprapubic pain along with the urinalysis findings of pyuria (pus in the urine) and bacteriuria (bacteria in the urine) are highly suggestive of a urinary tract infection (UTI). UTIs are one of the most common types of bacterial infections seen in clinical practice. The symptoms described are classic for a lower urinary tract infection. The presence of pyuria and bacteriuria on urinalysis further supports the diagnosis of a UTI. Acute glomerulonephritis typically presents with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and edema. Chronic kidney disease is often asymptomatic in early stages and presents with symptoms like fatigue, edema, and changes in urination later on. Renal calculi are associated with severe colicky flank pain that can radiate to the groin, and they may present with

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Weight reduction is the most important focus in the health teachings provided by the nurse. Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for overall well-being and can significantly reduce the risk of various health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. By emphasizing weight reduction, the nurse can help improve the patient's overall health and quality of life. Jogging a mile a day and vigorous exercise are beneficial for weight management, but it is important to address the root cause of potential health problems which in this case may be excess weight. Moreover, emphasizing the importance of weight reduction does not necessarily mean encouraging extreme dieting; instead, it involves promoting a balanced and healthy approach to eating and physical activity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Colles' fracture is a type of distal radius fracture characterized by a break of the radius bone in the forearm close to the wrist. In a Colles' fracture, the distal fragment of the fractured radius bone gets displaced dorsally, meaning it shifts upwards towards the back of the hand, creating a characteristic "dinner fork" deformity when viewed from the side. This dorsal displacement results in a visible bump on the back of the wrist and a noticeable deformity when compared to the uninjured side.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Immersing oneself in the local community and participating in their everyday activities allows the nurse, as a community organizer, to establish trust and build rapport with the people. By actively engaging with the community members, the nurse can show genuine interest and commitment to their well-being, which fosters a sense of connection and mutual understanding. This approach is crucial for gaining the trust of the community, as it demonstrates that the nurse is invested in listening to their needs and working together to address health concerns effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The clinical presentation of lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse), dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and tender nodules along the uterosacral ligaments is highly suggestive of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that lines the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, commonly on the pelvic organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the peritoneum. The characteristic tender nodules along the uterosacral ligaments are known as "nodularity" and are a classic finding in endometriosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's presentation of swelling of the ankles, dyspnea on exertion, and orthopnea is highly suggestive of heart failure. The echocardiogram findings of decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and dilated left ventricle are characteristic of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), also known as systolic heart failure. In this condition, the heart's ability to pump blood effectively is compromised, leading to symptoms of congestion and decreased cardiac output. The decreased ejection fraction indicates that the heart is not able to efficiently pump out blood with each contraction. Dilatation of the left ventricle is a compensatory mechanism in response to increased volume overload.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The presence of spindle-shaped cells and psammoma bodies on fine-needle aspiration biopsy is characteristic of follicular thyroid carcinoma. This type of thyroid cancer can present as a thyroid nodule associated with signs of hyperthyroidism due to the release of thyroid hormones from the cancerous thyroid cells. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition that typically presents with hypothyroidism, while Graves' disease is another autoimmune disorder that results in hyperthyroidism but is not associated with the presence of spindle-shaped cells and psammoma bodies in this context. Papillary thyroid carcinoma may also present with thyroid nodules, but it is more commonly associated with papillary structures and nuclear features rather than spindle-shaped cells seen in follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Medico-legal charts are typically stored for a minimum of 10 years after the case is closed to ensure compliance with legal requirements and to provide a comprehensive record of the medical care provided. This duration allows for potential future reference, follow-up treatment, or legal purposes that may arise within the specified timeframe. It is important to maintain these records for an extended period to protect both the patient's rights and the healthcare provider's accountability. Additionally, storing medico-legal charts for 10 years aligns with standard retention practices in the healthcare industry.