The assessment of a 72-year-old male causes the NP to have concerns that the pt. is a suicide risk. Risk factors for suicide in the elderly do NOT include

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Retirement. Retirement is not a known risk factor for suicide in the elderly. Here's the rationale: 1. Chronic pain (choice A) and comorbid physical illness (choice B) are risk factors as they can contribute to feelings of hopelessness and despair. 2. Family history of suicide (choice C) is a significant risk factor due to the genetic and environmental influences. 3. Retirement (choice D) does not directly increase the risk of suicide. In fact, many individuals find purpose and fulfillment in retirement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why A is correct: 1. Baclofen is a muscle relaxant primarily used for treating muscle spasticity, not muscle spasms. 2. Baclofen acts on GABA receptors in the spinal cord to reduce muscle hyperactivity. 3. Tizanidine, Cyclobenzaprine, and Carisoprodol are all indicated for the treatment of muscle spasms. 4. Tizanidine acts centrally to inhibit excitatory neurotransmitter release, Cyclobenzaprine is a muscle relaxant with sedative effects, and Carisoprodol is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Summary: Baclofen is not indicated for the treatment of muscle spasms because it is primarily used for muscle spasticity. Tizanidine, Cyclobenzaprine, and Carisoprodol are more commonly prescribed for muscle spasms due to their mechanisms of action.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The patient is 40 years old, which is within the age range for routine screening mammograms. 2. The description of soft, uneven breasts is typical of normal breast tissue variations. 3. Given the patient's age and the benign characteristics described, no further investigation is needed. Summary of other choices: A: Warrants a mammogram - Not necessary as the breast characteristics described are normal for the patient's age. C: May be suggestive of fibroadenoma - Fibroadenomas typically present as firm, well-defined lumps, not soft and uneven breasts. D: May indicate cystic breast - Cystic breasts may feel lumpy or tender, but the overall texture is not described as soft and uneven.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Short acting bronchodilator. During an acute asthma attack, a short-acting bronchodilator (such as albuterol) is the preferred medication to relieve symptoms quickly by dilating the airways. This medication acts rapidly to open up the airways and provide immediate relief of wheezing and shortness of breath. Long-acting bronchodilators (choice B) are not recommended for acute symptom relief. Inhaled corticosteroids (choice C) are used for long-term control of asthma symptoms and not for immediate relief during an acute attack. Combining methylxanthine and long-acting bronchodilator (choice D) is not the standard treatment for acute wheezing in asthma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Indistinct disk edge. Increased intracranial pressure causes papilledema, resulting in swelling and elevation of the optic disk. This leads to a blurred or indistinct disk edge. Pulsating veins (choice A) are seen in conditions like arteriovenous malformations, not specifically indicative of increased intracranial pressure. Clear disk edge (choice C) and normal retinal appearance (choice D) are not consistent with the findings associated with increased intracranial pressure.