ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
The _____ are vessels that project into the villi and absorb fatty substances.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lacteals. Lacteals are specialized lymphatic vessels located in the villi of the small intestine. They are responsible for absorbing dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Lymphatics (choice B) are a broader term for lymphatic vessels and nodes. Veins (choice C) are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Arteries (choice D) are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Therefore, only lacteals specifically project into the villi and absorb fatty substances, making them the correct choice.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has peptic ulcer disease. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings as an indication of gastrointestinal perforation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sudden abdominal pain. Gastrointestinal perforation is a serious complication of peptic ulcer disease. Sudden abdominal pain is a key indicator as perforation can lead to leakage of stomach contents into the abdominal cavity causing severe pain. Hyperactive bowel sounds (A) are more indicative of bowel obstruction. Increased blood pressure (C) can occur due to pain or stress but is not specific to gastrointestinal perforation. Bradycardia (D) is not typically associated with gastrointestinal perforation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has an active upper gastrointestinal bleed. After inserting a NG tube into the client, which of the following findings should the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Coffee-ground drainage. This indicates upper GI bleed, where blood mixes with gastric acid, forming a coffee-ground appearance. Frothy pink drainage (A) is more common in respiratory issues. Dark amber drainage (B) is typical for lower GI bleeds. Greenish-yellow drainage (D) is not associated with GI bleeding. In this case, the nurse should monitor for coffee-ground drainage to assess the severity of the upper GI bleed.
Question 4 of 5
Donald is a 61 y.o. man with diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is characterized by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because diverticulitis typically presents with crampy pain in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen and a low-grade fever. This is due to inflammation or infection of the diverticula. A: Periodic rectal hemorrhage is more characteristic of diverticular bleeding, not diverticulitis. B: Hypertension and tachycardia are not typically associated with diverticulitis but may occur in severe cases or with complications. C: Vomiting and elevated temperature can occur but are not as specific to diverticulitis as the combination of symptoms described in option D.
Question 5 of 5
Branches of which autonomic nerve carry the parasympathetic motor neurons to the enteric plexi?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: vagus. The vagus nerve carries parasympathetic motor neurons to the enteric plexi located in the gastrointestinal tract. It innervates most of the organs in the thorax and abdomen, controlling functions like digestion and heart rate. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not carry parasympathetic motor neurons to the enteric plexi. Oculomotor (A) innervates muscles responsible for eye movement, facial (B) innervates facial muscles and salivary glands, and glossopharyngeal (C) innervates the tongue and pharynx, but they do not specifically target the enteric plexi in the gastrointestinal tract.