ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology The Respiratory System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
The application of drugs for the purpose of treating diseases and treatment of suffering is known as
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacotherapeutics applies drugs to treat diseases and alleviate suffering, combining pharmacology and therapeutic intent, a precise term. Biologics are drug types, not application. Alternative therapies use non-drug methods. Therapeutics is broader, but pharmacotherapeutics specifies drug use, aligning with the definition and clinical practice.
Question 2 of 5
The 8-year-old patient is receiving methylphenidate (Ritalin). The patient's mother tells the nurse that he won't eat while on his medication. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methylphenidate curbs appetite-giving it post-meals and adding snacks offsets weight loss, per practical management. Depression isn't indicated-appetite loss is a known effect. Appetite stimulants aren't standard. Nutritionists help long-term, not acutely. Post-meal dosing balances efficacy and nutrition, per care.
Question 3 of 5
A 27-year-old medical student has recurrent sinusitis and takes an over-the-counter agent. Unfortunately, he fell asleep while taking his final examination of the anatomy course. Which of the following agents is most likely to cause this adverse effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sinusitis treatment often involves OTC antihistamines. Diphenhydramine , an H1 antihistamine, causes sedation, explaining the student's sleepiness during the exam. Doxycycline , an antibiotic, doesn't sedate. Doxylamine , another sedating antihistamine, is possible but less commonly linked to sinusitis OTC use. Doxazosin , an α-blocker, isn't for sinusitis. Hydroxyzine (E) sedates but is prescription-based. Diphenhydramine's widespread OTC availability and drowsiness side effect fit the scenario, impacting the student's performance.
Question 4 of 5
A 54-year-old man with an attack of gout approximately 4 months ago was placed on allopurinol. He now presents to his primary care physician complaining of a skin rash on his arms. Allopurinol was discontinued 3 months ago. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the most likely explanation for the skin rash on the patient's arms after being on allopurinol is contact dermatitis (Option A). Allopurinol is a medication commonly associated with causing skin reactions, including rashes. Contact dermatitis occurs when the skin comes into direct contact with a substance that causes an allergic reaction or irritation. Option B, dermatitis herpetiformis is an autoimmune skin condition associated with celiac disease, not typically linked to allopurinol use. Option C, hypersensitivity, is a broad term and does not specifically address the situation presented in the question. Option D, squamous cell carcinoma, is a type of skin cancer and not related to the acute onset of a rash following allopurinol use. Educationally, understanding common adverse effects of medications is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide safe and effective care. Recognizing drug-induced skin reactions like contact dermatitis can help in timely intervention and management to prevent further complications. This case highlights the importance of monitoring patients for adverse drug reactions and the need for a thorough medication history to identify potential triggers for skin issues.
Question 5 of 5
A 48-year-old woman with 2-year history of rheumatoid arthritis has not had sufficient relief with methotrexate alone. Her physician prescribes etanercept to help control her symptoms. How does etanercept work?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) Inhibition of TNF-α signaling. Etanercept is a TNF-α inhibitor used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis by promoting inflammation and joint destruction. By inhibiting TNF-α signaling, etanercept helps to reduce inflammation, relieve symptoms, and slow down disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Option A) Depleting substance P is incorrect because substance P is a neurotransmitter involved in pain perception, not in the inflammatory process targeted by etanercept. Option B) Inhibition of COX enzymes is incorrect as COX enzymes are targeted by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, not by etanercept. Option C) Inhibition of leukocyte chemotaxis is incorrect because this mechanism is not specific to etanercept; it is more commonly associated with drugs like corticosteroids. From an educational context, understanding the mechanism of action of different medications is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions about treatment options for their patients. Knowing how etanercept works allows healthcare providers to explain the rationale behind its use, anticipate potential side effects, and monitor for therapeutic efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.