ATI RN
Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The anterior pituitary arises from oral ectoderm, specifically Rathke's pouch, during embryogenesis, forming hormone-secreting cells. Neural ectoderm forms the nervous system (including posterior pituitary), mesoderm muscles/bones, and endoderm digestive organs. Oral ectoderm origin distinguishes anterior pituitary development, key to its endocrine role, contrasting with neural or internal layer derivatives.
Question 2 of 5
A client arrived at the emergency department with a possible diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. The nurse anticipates which serum electrolytes finding would be abnormal?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperparathyroidism involves excess parathyroid hormone (PTH), raising serum calcium by mobilizing it from bones and increasing kidney reabsorption, while lowering phosphorus both are abnormal. Sodium, chloride, and potassium aren't directly PTH-regulated; aldosterone or ADH affect them. The question's 'select all' (calcium, phosphorus) is adapted here to single-answer (calcium), as it's the hallmark. Calcium's elevation distinguishes hyperparathyroidism, key to its pathology (e.g., kidney stones), unlike unaffected electrolytes.
Question 3 of 5
What happens during Diabetes insipidus?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus results from ADH deficiency or renal resistance, impairing water reabsorption, causing dilute urine and thirst. Excess GH is gigantism, other options are absent. Renal ADH unresponsiveness distinguishes it, critical for fluid balance disorders, contrasting with growth or pituitary excess conditions.
Question 4 of 5
The primary target of the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus is the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypothalamic releasing (e.g., TRH) and inhibiting (e.g., dopamine) hormones target the anterior pituitary, stimulating (e.g., TSH) or suppressing (e.g., prolactin) its hormone release to regulate endocrine glands. Liver/adipose respond to hormones (e.g., insulin), not hypothalamic signals directly. Gonads are pituitary targets (e.g., FSH), not hypothalamus'. Bone marrow isn't endocrine-regulated. Anterior pituitary's role as intermediary distinguishes it, key to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, unlike downstream or unrelated tissues.
Question 5 of 5
The pituitary hormone that stimulates the male testes to produce sperm and stimulates the development of the follicle in the female on a monthly cycle is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary stimulates spermatogenesis in testes and follicle growth in ovaries monthly. Growth hormone (GH) drives body growth, not gametes. Luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers testosterone and ovulation, not sperm/follicle initiation. Prolactin aids lactation. FSH's reproductive specificity distinguishes it, essential for fertility, unlike growth or ovulation hormones.