The aminoglycoside that can be used in amoebiasis is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of treating amoebiasis, the correct aminoglycoside that can be used is Paromomycin. Paromomycin is effective against amoebas due to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis in these protozoa. This drug is not absorbed systemically, which allows it to target the amoebas in the gut without causing widespread side effects. Framycetin (Option B) is not typically used to treat amoebiasis. It is more commonly used topically for treating skin infections. Amikacin (Option C) and Netilmicin (Option D) are both aminoglycosides as well, but they are not the preferred choice for treating amoebiasis. These drugs are more commonly used for systemic bacterial infections due to their broader spectrum of activity. In an educational context, it is important for students to understand the mechanism of action and the specific indications of different antibiotics. Understanding which antibiotics are effective against certain pathogens helps healthcare professionals make informed decisions when prescribing medications. It is also crucial for students to grasp the concept of targeted therapy to minimize side effects and improve treatment outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Penicillins are a class of antibiotics that work by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, leading to bacterial cell death. The correct answer, option C) Gram-negative bacilli, is not effectively targeted by penicillins due to the structure of their cell wall. Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that acts as a barrier, making it more difficult for penicillins to penetrate and exert their effects. Option A) Gram-positive cocci and option B) Gram-positive bacilli are effectively targeted by penicillins because they have a simpler cell wall structure compared to Gram-negative bacteria, making them more susceptible to the action of penicillins. Option D) Gram-negative cocci is not a common classification of bacteria. Most cocci-shaped bacteria are Gram-positive, and those that are Gram-negative, like Neisseria species, are generally susceptible to penicillins. In an educational context, understanding the spectrum of activity of antibiotics like penicillins is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions regarding appropriate treatment for bacterial infections. This knowledge helps in selecting the most effective antibiotic based on the type of bacteria causing the infection, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and preventing the development of antibiotic resistance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Indinavir. Indinavir is a protease inhibitor that is known to penetrate the blood-brain barrier effectively. This property is crucial in the case of treating patients with HIV/AIDS as the virus can also affect the central nervous system. Saquinavir (Option A) is less likely to penetrate the blood-brain barrier effectively compared to Indinavir. Ritonavir (Option B) and Nelfinavir (Option D) also have limited penetration into the central nervous system, making them less suitable for this specific patient's needs. In an educational context, understanding the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs is vital for healthcare professionals involved in managing HIV/AIDS patients. Knowledge of which agents can penetrate the blood-brain barrier helps in making informed decisions to ensure effective treatment outcomes, especially when dealing with complex conditions like HIV/AIDS that require comprehensive management strategies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) Intrathecal route. Penicillins should not be given intrathecally because they can cause severe neurotoxicity and are not meant for direct administration into the spinal cord. A) Intramuscular route is a common route for administering penicillins as it allows for slow and sustained release of the medication into the bloodstream. B) Intravenous route is also a common and effective route for penicillin administration, allowing for rapid delivery of the medication directly into the bloodstream. D) Intra-articular route involves injecting medication directly into a joint, which is not a recommended route for penicillins as they are not intended for the treatment of joint-related issues. Educational Context: Understanding the appropriate routes of administration for medications is crucial in healthcare to ensure safe and effective treatment. In the case of penicillins, it is important to avoid intrathecal administration to prevent serious complications. This knowledge is essential for healthcare professionals such as nurses, pharmacists, and doctors to provide quality patient care and prevent medication errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Streptomycin because it possesses neuromuscular blocking action. Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic known for its ability to interfere with neuromuscular transmission, leading to muscle weakness and potential paralysis. Option A) Ampicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, not by affecting neuromuscular function. Option C) Chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, while option D) Sulfonamides inhibit folic acid synthesis in bacteria. These mechanisms of action do not involve neuromuscular blocking effects. In an educational context, understanding the mechanism of action of antibiotics is crucial for proper prescribing and patient care. Knowledge of which antibiotics possess neuromuscular blocking action is essential to avoid complications, especially in patients with underlying neuromuscular disorders or when dealing with specific infections. This question highlights the importance of knowing the pharmacological properties of antibiotics to make informed clinical decisions.