The Ambu bag with reservoir gives oxygen concentration:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 100%. The Ambu bag with reservoir gives an oxygen concentration of 100% because the reservoir bag allows for the accumulation of pure oxygen before it is delivered to the patient. This setup ensures that the patient receives a high concentration of oxygen with each ventilation, making it an effective tool in emergency situations where oxygenation is crucial. Option A) 60% is incorrect because the Ambu bag with reservoir is designed to deliver a higher concentration of oxygen, not 60%. Option B) 50% is incorrect because the Ambu bag with reservoir is capable of providing a higher concentration of oxygen than 50%. Option D) 40% is incorrect as the Ambu bag with reservoir is designed to deliver a concentration of oxygen higher than 40%. In a pediatric nursing context, understanding the correct oxygen concentration delivered by equipment like the Ambu bag with reservoir is vital for providing effective care to critically ill children. The ability to deliver 100% oxygen can be life-saving in situations where oxygenation is compromised. This knowledge ensures that pediatric nurses can quickly and accurately administer the appropriate oxygen therapy to their patients, optimizing outcomes and promoting positive patient experiences.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric CPR, the correct depth of chest compression is 4-5 cm (B). This depth is recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for pediatric resuscitation. Maintaining adequate compression depth is crucial for effective circulation and oxygenation during CPR in children. Option A, 1-2 cm, is too shallow and may not provide sufficient cardiac output. Option C, 3 cm, is also inadequate as it falls short of the recommended depth. Option D, 7-8 cm, is too deep for pediatric patients and may cause harm by damaging delicate structures. Educationally, understanding the correct depth of chest compressions in pediatric CPR is vital for healthcare providers caring for children in emergency situations. Proper technique can greatly impact the outcome of pediatric cardiac arrest cases. It is essential for nurses and other healthcare professionals working with children to be well-versed in current CPR guidelines to provide the best possible care and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute epiglottitis is a serious condition that can quickly progress to airway compromise in pediatric patients. Option A, "Fulminating course of high fever and drooling of saliva," is the correct answer because it accurately describes a classic presentation of acute epiglottitis. The rapid onset of symptoms, including high fever and drooling, is characteristic of this condition and requires prompt recognition and intervention to prevent respiratory distress. Option B, "Absence of toxic manifestations," is incorrect because acute epiglottitis typically presents with toxic manifestations such as fever, sore throat, and respiratory distress due to the rapid progression of inflammation in the epiglottis. Option C, "The most common cause is para-influenza," is incorrect as the most common causative organism for acute epiglottitis is actually Haemophilus influenzae type B, although with the introduction of the Hib vaccine, the incidence has decreased significantly. Option D, "Good response to nebulized adrenaline," is incorrect as the primary treatment for acute epiglottitis is securing the airway to prevent respiratory compromise. Nebulized adrenaline may provide temporary relief of symptoms but definitive management involves maintaining a patent airway through intubation or tracheostomy. In an educational context, understanding the key clinical features and management of acute epiglottitis is crucial for pediatric nurses to recognize and respond to this potentially life-threatening condition promptly. Nurses must be vigilant in assessing pediatric patients with suspected epiglottitis to prevent airway obstruction and ensure timely intervention to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Steatorrhea, chronic chest symptoms, and failure to thrive. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. Steatorrhea, or the inability to properly digest and absorb fats, is a hallmark symptom of cystic fibrosis due to pancreatic insufficiency. Chronic chest symptoms result from thick, sticky mucus buildup in the lungs, leading to recurrent infections and breathing difficulties. Failure to thrive is common in children with cystic fibrosis due to malabsorption issues and increased energy expenditure. Option A is incorrect because meconium aspiration syndrome is a separate condition that occurs in newborns when they inhale meconium-stained amniotic fluid during delivery, not specific to cystic fibrosis. Option C is incorrect as hypernatremia is not a typical finding in cystic fibrosis. Instead, patients with cystic fibrosis are more prone to developing hyponatremia due to excessive salt loss in sweat. Option D is incorrect as hypercholesterolemia is not a typical feature of cystic fibrosis. In fact, individuals with cystic fibrosis often have difficulty gaining weight and may even have trouble absorbing essential nutrients, including fats. Educationally, understanding the key clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric patients. Recognizing these symptoms can aid in early diagnosis and timely intervention to improve outcomes for individuals with this condition. It is essential to differentiate cystic fibrosis from other diseases with similar symptoms to provide appropriate care and support to affected children and their families.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP), platelet transfusion is indicated when the platelet count is critically low to prevent bleeding complications. The correct answer is A) 10,000/mm3 because at this level, the risk of spontaneous bleeding is significantly increased. Platelet transfusion helps raise platelet levels quickly to prevent or manage bleeding episodes in ITP patients. Option B) 30,000/mm3 is too high for platelet transfusion in ITP. Waiting until platelet levels drop to this point may put the patient at risk for bleeding complications. Option C) 40,000/mm3 and Option D) 50,000/mm3 are even higher thresholds for transfusion in the context of ITP and may not align with current evidence-based practice guidelines. Educationally, understanding the appropriate indications for platelet transfusion in ITP is crucial for pediatric nurses caring for these patients. It ensures timely and appropriate interventions to prevent complications. Nurses need to be aware of the specific platelet count thresholds that warrant intervention to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients with ITP.