ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The alkaline tide occurs when _____ is excreted into the urine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: bicarbonate ions. During the alkaline tide, the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl) to aid digestion, which leads to an increase in bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the blood to maintain pH balance. These excess bicarbonate ions are then excreted into the urine, resulting in an alkaline pH. Choice A (HCl) is incorrect because HCl is not excreted into the urine during the alkaline tide. Choice B (H+) is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the process of the alkaline tide. Choice D (phosphate ions) is incorrect as they are not the primary ions excreted to produce an alkaline urine during the alkaline tide.
Question 2 of 5
The pancreas produces all of the following except which one?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: bile. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes such as amylase and lipase to break down carbohydrates and fats. It also produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Bile, however, is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not by the pancreas. Therefore, the pancreas does not produce bile. This makes option D the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Na and other carrier ions facilitate absorption of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: amino acids and glucose. Na ions facilitate the absorption of these molecules in the small intestine through the process of co-transport with carrier proteins. Glucose and amino acids are primarily absorbed in the small intestine to be utilized by the body for energy and growth. Na ions help transport these molecules across the intestinal epithelium against their concentration gradients. A: Amino acids and fructose - While Na ions do play a role in the absorption of amino acids, fructose is primarily absorbed through facilitated diffusion and does not require Na ions for absorption. B: Fatty acids and glycerol - Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed in the small intestine through a different mechanism called micelle formation and do not rely on Na ions for absorption. C: Fatty acids and glucose - While Na ions do play a role in the absorption of glucose, fatty acids are primarily absorbed through micelle formation and do not require Na ions for absorption.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is 3 days postoperative following abdominal surgery and notes the absence of bowel sounds, abdominal distention, and the client passing no flatus. Which of the following conditions should the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Paralytic ileus. After abdominal surgery, the bowel can temporarily stop functioning due to anesthesia, handling of the intestines, or inflammation. This leads to absent bowel sounds, distention, and no flatus passage. Ulcerative colitis (A) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, not related to postoperative findings. Cholecystitis (B) is inflammation of the gallbladder, typically presenting with right upper quadrant pain. Wound dehiscence (D) is the separation of surgical incision edges, not related to bowel function.
Question 5 of 5
Eleanor, a 62 y.o. woman with diverticulosis is your patient. Which interventions would you expect to include in her care?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: C is correct as high-fiber diet helps prevent diverticulitis episodes. Psyllium adds bulk to stool, reducing strain on the colon. A is incorrect as low-fiber diet worsens diverticulosis. B is inappropriate as TPN is not first-line and bed rest can worsen symptoms. D is incorrect as analgesics and antacids do not address the underlying cause.