The age at which the infant can achieve early head control with bobbing motion when pulled to sit is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) 2 months. Infants typically achieve early head control with a bobbing motion when pulled to sit around this age. This milestone is part of the normal development of infants as they grow and gain strength in their neck muscles. Option B) 3 months is incorrect because by this age, infants should already have achieved head control and be able to actively lift and control their heads without bobbing when pulled to sit. Option C) 4 months is also incorrect as infants should have well-established head control by this age, and the bobbing motion typically occurs earlier in their development. Option D) 6 months is incorrect as by this age, infants should be able to sit with support and have more advanced head control abilities compared to the bobbing motion seen in younger infants. Understanding these developmental milestones is crucial for nurses taking the NCLEX-RN exam as it helps them assess and monitor infant growth and development. It also enables them to identify any potential delays or issues that may need further evaluation or intervention. By knowing these milestones, nurses can provide appropriate care and support to promote optimal development in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) spastic cerebral palsy. Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type, affecting around 70-80% of individuals with cerebral palsy. This type is characterized by muscle stiffness and tightness, affecting the ability to move and control limbs. Ataxic cerebral palsy (Option A) is characterized by poor coordination and balance issues, but it is less common than spastic cerebral palsy. Dystonic cerebral palsy (Option C) involves involuntary muscle contractions leading to twisting and repetitive movements. Dyskinetic cerebral palsy (Option D) includes both dystonic and choreoathetoid movements. Understanding the different types of cerebral palsy is crucial for nurses, especially those working with pediatric patients. Recognizing the specific characteristics of each type helps in providing appropriate care and interventions tailored to the individual's needs. In the case of spastic cerebral palsy, interventions may focus on managing muscle tone, improving mobility, and enhancing quality of life for the child and their family.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: The correct approach to the treatment of a 2-year-old who ingested kerosene and is presenting with symptoms like coughing and tachypnea is to provide supportive care and manage symptoms. Therefore, the best approach is not listed among the options provided. In this scenario, immediate medical attention is crucial to address potential respiratory distress and prevent further complications. Option A) inducing emesis is not recommended due to the risk of aspiration, which can worsen the respiratory symptoms and cause additional harm. Option B) performing nasogastric tube lavage is invasive and not typically indicated in cases of hydrocarbon ingestion. Option C) instilling mineral oil is not supported by evidence and may lead to aspiration or other complications. Option D) administering steroids is not indicated in the acute management of hydrocarbon ingestion in a pediatric patient. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the dangers of hydrocarbon ingestion in children and the need for prompt and appropriate medical intervention in such cases. It emphasizes the critical role of healthcare providers in managing pediatric emergencies effectively and underscores the significance of evidence-based practice in pediatric care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question about developmental stages of preschool children on the NCLEX RN exam, the correct answer is D) masturbation. Preschool children typically do not engage in masturbation as a normal developmental behavior. A) Handedness being achieved by 3 years of age is correct as most children establish a hand preference by this age. B) Boys being later than girls in achieving bladder control is also true due to differences in physical development. C) Knowing gender by 4 years is accurate as children typically have a solid understanding of their gender identity by this age. It is essential for nurses to understand typical developmental milestones in children to assess for any delays or abnormalities. By knowing what behaviors are expected at certain ages, healthcare providers can intervene early if there are any concerns. Understanding these developmental norms also helps nurses educate parents on what to expect and how to support their child's growth and development.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question from the NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions, the correct answer is D) hypothermia. Hypothermia is not a recognizable teratogen because it is a condition caused by low body temperature and not a substance or agent that can cause birth defects. Ethanol (option A) is a known teratogen that can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Antiepileptic medications (option B) have been associated with an increased risk of birth defects when taken during pregnancy. Toxoplasmosis (option C) is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which can be transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and cause congenital toxoplasmosis. Educationally, understanding teratogens is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pregnant women to help prevent exposure to harmful substances that can affect fetal development. Recognizing teratogens and their effects can guide healthcare providers in advising pregnant women on lifestyle choices and medications to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.