The adrenal medulla develops from which of the following germ layers during embryonic development?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hormones bind receptors (e.g., insulin to tyrosine kinase) on target cells, triggering responses like glucose uptake specificity defines action. Blood cells transport, not bind hormones as targets. Neurotransmitters signal neurons, not endocrine targets separate system. Enzymes process, not receive hormones. Receptor binding distinguishes endocrine signaling, critical for cellular response, unlike transport, neural, or catalytic roles.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Adrenal glands, atop kidneys, secrete cortisol, aldosterone, epinephrine stress and electrolyte roles. Hypothalamus is brain-based, regulatory. Pancreas is abdominal, metabolic. Thyroid is neck-located, metabolic. Adrenals' suprarenal position distinguishes them, key to adrenal-renal function, unlike brain, gut, or neck glands.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions (labor) and milk ejection (nursing) via myoepithelial cells dual reproductive role. ADH manages water, not reproduction. Glucagon raises glucose, unrelated. Prolactin drives milk production, not release. Oxytocin's contractile action distinguishes it, key to birth and lactation, unlike water, glucose, or synthesis hormones.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: GH underproduction in childhood causes pituitary dwarfism short stature from poor bone growth pre-closure. Myxedema is adult hypothyroidism low metabolism. Gigantism is GH excess tallness. Acromegaly is adult excess thickening. Dwarfism's growth deficit distinguishes it, key to GH's developmental role, unlike thyroid or excess conditions.