The adrenal medulla:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C is correct: 1. The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal glands. 2. It secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline during the fight-or-flight response. 3. These hormones increase heart rate, blood flow to muscles, and provide energy for emergencies. 4. This physiological response helps the body deal with stressful situations. 5. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the adrenal medulla is not primarily controlled by ACTH, does not secrete steroids, and does not secrete iodine-containing hormones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. TSH stands for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. 2. TSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. 3. It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, not calcitonin. 4. It is not secreted by the neurohypophysis or stimulate the hypothalamus to secrete TRH. Therefore, choice D is correct as it accurately describes the function and origin of TSH.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Insulin is responsible for lowering blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells. 2. Hypersecretion of insulin would lead to increased glucose uptake, decreasing blood sugar levels, not causing hyperglycemia. 3. Cortisol, growth hormone, and epinephrine can all contribute to hyperglycemia by increasing blood sugar levels through various mechanisms. 4. Therefore, insulin is the least likely hormone to cause hyperglycemia due to its role in lowering blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because oxytocin is not a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland; it is produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. ACTH, prolactin, and TSH are indeed hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Choice B is incorrect because cortisol and aldosterone are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands, not the gonads. Testosterone is a hormone produced by the gonads. Choice C is correct as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are indeed secretions of the gonads - estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries and testosterone from the testes. Choice D is incorrect because calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, but T3 and T4 are thyroid hormones, not hormones secreted by the thyroid gland.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen. Glucocorticoid is involved in sugar metabolism, mineralocorticoid in salt balance, and androgen in sex hormone regulation. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline (A) are related to the fight-or-flight response. Glucagon, insulin, and thymosin (B) are involved in metabolic regulation and immune responses. ICSH, FSH, and LH (C) are reproductive hormones. So, the correct answer D is the only set that includes hormones directly related to sugar, salt, and sex.