The 'Adams' Apple' is the:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The 'Adams' Apple' is the prominent bulge in the front of the neck and corresponds to the thyroid cartilage. This cartilage forms the largest part of the larynx and is more prominent in males due to hormonal differences. The cricoid cartilage (Choice B) is located below the thyroid cartilage. Corniculate cartilage (Choice C) and cuneiform cartilage (Choice D) are smaller cartilages in the larynx and are not responsible for the 'Adams' Apple' prominence.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A 10% increase in CO2 levels triggers chemoreceptors to signal the brainstem, increasing the respiratory rate to eliminate excess CO2. This is known as hypercapnia-induced hyperventilation. Option A is incorrect because an increase in CO2 levels would not decrease the rate of breathing. Option C is incorrect because an increase in CO2 would actually stimulate an increase in pulmonary ventilation to remove the excess CO2. Option D is incorrect because alveolar ventilation (gas exchange in the lungs) would increase, not decrease, to maintain proper oxygen and CO2 levels in the body.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: smooth muscle. Smooth muscle is the type of muscle that wraps around a respiratory bronchiole and can contract or relax to change the diameter of the airway. This allows for regulation of airflow in the respiratory system. Skeletal muscle (choice A) is attached to bones and is under voluntary control, not found in the bronchioles. Cardiac muscle (choice C) is specific to the heart and does not control airway diameter. Voluntary muscle (choice D) refers to skeletal muscle, which is not present in the bronchioles and does not regulate airway diameter involuntarily.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. The main goal of treatment in heart failure is to manage symptoms, improve heart function, and enhance quality of life. This involves optimizing medications, lifestyle modifications, and sometimes devices or surgeries. Increasing blood pressure (A) is not the goal as high blood pressure can worsen heart failure. Curing the underlying cause (B) may not always be possible, so the focus is on managing symptoms. Inducing weight loss (D) may be necessary in some cases, but it is not the primary goal of treatment for heart failure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts, causing it to move downward and increase the thoracic space. This creates a negative pressure in the lungs, allowing air to rush in. Choice A is incorrect as the diaphragm contracts rather than relaxes during inspiration. Choice B is incorrect since other muscles like the external intercostals also aid in expanding the thoracic cavity. Choice D is incorrect because it combines a correct statement with an incorrect one. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it accurately describes the process of inspiration involving both diaphragm contraction and an increase in thoracic space.