ATI RN
Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The activation of B cells in humoral immunity is assisted by which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In humoral immunity, the activation of B cells is facilitated by helper T cells. Helper T cells play a crucial role in coordinating the immune response by interacting with B cells. They secrete cytokines that stimulate B cells to proliferate and differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Without the assistance of helper T cells, the activation of B cells and the production of antibodies would be impaired. Cytotoxic T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, supressor T cells regulate immune response, and neutrophils are involved in phagocytosis and innate immunity, but they do not directly assist in B cell activation in humoral immunity.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who is being tested for HIV asks what tests are used. The nurse would correct in stating that the tests used to confirm HIV infection are which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and Western Blot are the two main tests used to confirm HIV infection. ELISA is typically the first test performed to detect HIV antibodies in the blood. If the ELISA test is positive, the Western Blot test is then used to confirm the presence of HIV antibodies and differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. Both tests are highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing HIV infection. Other tests like CD4+ count and viral load are used to monitor disease progression but are not used primarily to confirm HIV infection.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse encourages a client with an immunologic disorder to eat a nutritionally balanced diet to promote optimal immunologic function. Autoimmunity has been linked to excessive ingestion of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Excessive ingestion of fat has been linked to autoimmunity. A diet high in saturated and trans fats can lead to chronic inflammation and disrupt the balance of immune cells, potentially triggering autoimmune responses in the body. Conversely, a nutritionally balanced diet that includes healthy fats like omega-3 fatty acids from sources such as fish, nuts, and seeds can help support optimal immunologic function and reduce the risk of autoimmune disorders.
Question 4 of 5
A client takes prednisone (Deltasone), as prescribed, for rheumatoid arthritis. During follow-up visits, the nurse should assess the client for common adverse reactions to this drug, such as:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prednisone, or Deltasone, is a corticosteroid medication commonly prescribed for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. One of the common adverse reactions to corticosteroids like prednisone is fluid retention and weight gain. This can occur due to the drug's effect on sodium and water retention in the body, leading to edema and increased body weight. Monitoring for signs of fluid retention, such as swelling in the extremities, and weight changes is important during follow-up visits to ensure the client's well-being and to address any concerns promptly. Tetany and tremors (choice A) are not typically associated with prednisone use, and anorexia and weight loss (choice C) are not common adverse reactions but rather less common side effects of prednisone.
Question 5 of 5
A female client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receives family-planning counseling. Which statement about safer sex practices for persons with HIV is accurate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A latex condom with spermicide provides the best protection against HIV transmission during sexual intercourse. Safer sex practices for persons with HIV involve using condoms consistently and correctly during every sexual encounter to reduce the risk of HIV transmission to partners, regardless of their HIV status. Spermicide, while offering additional protection against pregnancies, does not provide additional protection against HIV transmission. Other contraceptive methods like birth control pills, implants, and injections are not effective in preventing HIV transmission. The intrauterine device is also not specifically recommended for clients with HIV as it does not provide protection against HIV transmission during sexual activities.