ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The accumulation of soft masses of fatty materials, particularly cholesterol, on the inside of the arterial wall is known as:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty plaques (e.g., cholesterol) in the arterial tunica intima, a subset of arteriosclerosis (general hardening). Ischemia is reduced blood flow, and phlebitis is vein inflammation.
Question 2 of 5
The leukocyte that is not involved in phagocytosis but does secrete the anticoagulant heparin is the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Basophils release heparin (anticoagulant) and histamine but are not phagocytic. Monocytes and eosinophils phagocytose pathogens, and lymphocytes are involved in adaptive immunity, not heparin secretion.
Question 3 of 5
The normal amount of hemoglobin per deciliter of blood is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Normal hemoglobin is 13-16 g/dL (men: 13.5-17.5, women: 12-15.5), aligning with option B. Other values are either too high or too low for human norms.
Question 4 of 5
Peripheral vascular resistance can be best gauged by
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) is best reflected by diastolic blood pressure, as it represents the baseline pressure maintained by arteriolar tone when the heart isn’t pumping. Pulse pressure reflects arterial elasticity, mean arterial pressure balances systole/diastole, and systolic pressure peaks with ventricular contraction, not resistance.
Question 5 of 5
A client in the primary care clinic has poor peripheral perfusion due to peripheral tissue perfusion. Which of the following would be a modifiable risk factor in the prevention of decreased tissue perfusion? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: hypertension are modifiable via lifestyle or medication, improving perfusion. Gender (B) and age (D) are non-modifiable. (Source: Document, p. 12-13; adapted, multi-select noted)