ATI RN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The accessory digestive organs include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, stomach. The stomach is not considered an accessory digestive organ as it is part of the gastrointestinal tract. The accessory digestive organs aid in the digestion process but are not part of the tract itself. The tongue, liver, and pancreas are all considered accessory digestive organs as they play crucial roles in digestion, such as producing enzymes and bile. The stomach's main function is to store and break down food through mechanical and chemical digestion, making it a primary organ in the digestive system rather than an accessory one.
Question 2 of 5
A 68-yr-old male patient with a stroke is unconscious and unresponsive to stimuli. After learning that the patient has a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), what should the nurse plan to assess more frequently than is routine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Breath sounds. Given the patient's history of GERD, there is an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia due to the reflux of gastric contents into the lungs. Therefore, assessing breath sounds more frequently is crucial to monitor for signs of respiratory distress or pneumonia. A: Apical pulse is important but not directly related to the patient's history of GERD. B: Bowel sounds are relevant for assessing GI function but not specifically impacted by GERD. D: Abdominal girth is more related to abdominal distension or organ enlargement rather than GERD complications.
Question 3 of 5
A hiatal hernia is a weakness in the _____ muscle, which allows a portion of the digestive tract to enter the thoracic cavity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: diaphragm. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. A hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach pushes through the opening in the diaphragm known as the esophageal hiatus, allowing a portion of the stomach to enter the thoracic cavity. The other choices, B: stomach, C: intestinal, and D: thoracic wall, are incorrect because a hiatal hernia specifically involves a weakness in the diaphragm muscle, not in these other structures. The stomach is the organ affected by the hernia, but the primary issue lies in the diaphragm's weakness. The intestinal and thoracic wall choices are not directly related to the development of a hiatal hernia.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: erythropoiesis. The liver does not have a primary role in the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis), which is mainly carried out by the bone marrow. A: The liver stores glycogen for energy regulation. B: Detoxification is a crucial function of the liver, breaking down harmful substances. C: The liver synthesizes clotting proteins like fibrinogen. In summary, while the liver is vital for glycogen storage, detoxification, and clotting protein synthesis, it does not play a significant role in erythropoiesis.
Question 5 of 5
Which is the only area that can digest a double sugar?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine where digestion of double sugars, like disaccharides, occurs. Enzymes such as sucrase, lactase, and maltase are secreted in the duodenum to break down double sugars into simple sugars for absorption. The other choices are incorrect because the stomach primarily digests proteins, the jejunum is mainly involved in nutrient absorption, and the pancreas secretes enzymes into the duodenum but does not directly digest double sugars.