The ability to access, comprehend, evaluate, and communicate information as a way to promote, maintain and improve health in a variety of settings across the life-course is defined as:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Health literacy. Health literacy encompasses the ability to access, understand, evaluate, and communicate health information to make informed decisions. This definition specifically emphasizes the importance of understanding health information to promote, maintain, and improve health. Choice A, Health promotion, focuses more on activities that aim to enhance well-being. Choice C, Health advocacy, involves supporting and promoting policies that improve health. Choice D, Health maintenance, refers to actions taken to sustain or preserve health but does not capture the comprehensive nature of health literacy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lalonde Report. This report, published in 1974, was the first to introduce the concept of health promotion, emphasizing the importance of prevention and lifestyle factors in improving health outcomes. The Epp Report (A) focused on health services and the Black Report (B) highlighted health inequalities. The WHO Commission Report on Social Determinants (D) discussed the impact of social factors on health but did not specifically introduce the concept of health promotion. Therefore, the Lalonde Report is the correct choice for introducing the concept of health promotion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because self-efficacy refers to one's belief in their ability to achieve specific goals or tasks. Making healthy food choices while grocery shopping demonstrates self-efficacy as it involves decision-making and taking actions to improve one's health. This choice aligns with Bandura's theory of self-efficacy where individuals who believe in their capabilities are more likely to succeed. Incorrect Answer Analysis: A: Attending a walk-in clinic for health care does not necessarily demonstrate self-efficacy as it may be a reactive response to a health issue rather than a proactive choice. B: Allowing others' input into health decisions may indicate collaboration but does not directly reflect one's self-belief in their abilities. C: Paying for a fitness center membership shows commitment to health but does not specifically demonstrate self-efficacy in decision-making related to personal health choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it combines expertise in both nursing and emergency care, which are crucial areas in emergency management. The chief nurse officer can provide insight into patient care and nursing protocols, while the emergency care physician can offer medical expertise. This combination ensures a comprehensive approach to managing emergencies. Choice A (CEO and internal medicine physician) lacks specific emergency care expertise. Choice B (CFO and emergency care nurse liaison) lacks medical decision-making authority. Choice D (CITO and critical care physician) focuses more on technology rather than direct patient care. Thus, choice C is the most suitable combination for chairing an emergency management committee.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because once the all-hazards preparedness plan is completed, the nursing leadership role is to confirm that resources are allocated appropriately. This is crucial to ensure effective response to any disaster. Explanation: 1. Confirming resource allocation ensures that necessary supplies, equipment, and personnel are in place. 2. It allows for a coordinated and efficient response in a disaster situation. 3. Nursing leadership plays a key role in overseeing resource management to address any gaps or deficiencies. Summary of other choices: B: Ensuring every department understands their role is important but not the primary role of nursing leadership post-plan completion. C: Establishing goals is essential in preparedness, but resource allocation is more immediate post-plan completion. D: Providing rewards is not the main focus post-plan completion; ensuring proper resource allocation is more critical.