The 19-Norprogestins differ from progesterone derivatives in that they:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The 19-Norprogestins, compared to progesterone derivatives, have potent antiovulatory activity. This means they are highly effective in inhibiting ovulation, making them useful for contraception purposes. They work by suppressing the body's natural hormone production, thereby preventing egg release from the ovary. This fundamental difference sets them apart from progesterone derivatives, which do not exhibit such strong antiovulatory effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acting insulins are rapid-acting or short-acting insulins that typically start working within 15 minutes after injection, peak around 1-2 hours, and last for about 6-8 hours. These insulins are commonly used to cover meals and correct high blood sugar levels. Options C, D, and E do not pertain to the duration of acting insulins and are unrelated to the scenario described.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Norepinephrine is a medication that acts as a potent vasoconstrictor, primarily increasing blood pressure. However, one of the potential side effects of norepinephrine infusion is actually hypotension (low blood pressure), which may occur in some patients. This paradoxical response can be due to various factors such as excessive vasodilation or a transient decrease in cardiac output. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor the patient's blood pressure and adjust the norepinephrine infusion rate accordingly to prevent significant drops in blood pressure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct method of action for medications used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease is to reduce acid secretions. Peptic ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between the stomach acid and the protective mechanisms of the gastrointestinal lining. By reducing acid secretions, these medications help to promote healing of the ulcer and prevent further damage to the stomach lining. Neutralizing acid (choice B) can also be a method of treatment, but reducing acid secretions is a more direct approach. Stimulating gastrin release (choice D) would increase acid production, which is not desired in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Protecting the mucosal barrier (choice E) is important for preventing ulcers, but it is not the primary method of action for medications used in treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: An oral syringe is the best device to recommend for accurate home administration of the drug for a 4-year-old patient. Using an oral syringe provides precise measurement of the liquid medication, which is crucial for ensuring the correct dosage is given to the child. Measuring spoons, graduated medicine cups, and household teaspoons may not provide the same level of accuracy as an oral syringe, especially for small doses needed for young children. Additionally, oral syringes are easy to use and can help prevent spills and waste of the medication. Overall, an oral syringe is the safest and most effective device for administering liquid medication to young children.