Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase catalyzed reactions produce fragments with

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) adds nucleotides to the 3' end of DNA fragments in a template-independent manner. This results in the production of fragments with poly A or poly C tails. TdT does not add poly T tails, making option D incorrect. It also does not specifically add only poly C tails (option B) or poly A tails (option C). The addition of poly A or poly C tails by TdT is essential for techniques like DNA sequencing and PCR, where these tails are utilized for downstream applications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the impact of age-related changes on the immune system is crucial for providing optimal care to older clients. As individuals age, their immune system undergoes changes such as decreased T-cell function and reduced production of antibodies, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and immune system disorders. Therefore, providing special care to older clients with immune system disorders is essential to ensure their well-being. Option A, age-related changes, is the correct answer because it directly addresses the unique physiological alterations in the immune system of older adults. Poor diet (Option B) can certainly impact immune function, but it is not the primary factor that necessitates special care for older clients with immune system disorders. Similarly, while reduced activity levels (Option D) can affect overall health, it is not as significant as age-related changes in this context. The use of multiple drugs (polypharmacy) (Option C) is a common concern in older adults due to potential drug interactions and side effects, but it is not the primary reason for providing special care to older clients with immune system disorders. Educationally, understanding the specific vulnerabilities of older clients' immune systems allows nurses to tailor care plans to address these unique needs and optimize health outcomes. By recognizing the impact of aging on immunity, healthcare professionals can provide more effective and personalized care to this population.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of diagnostic skin tests, clients are advised to avoid taking antihistamines or cold preparations prior to testing because these medications can interfere with the accuracy of the test results. The correct answer, option C, states that antihistamines may increase the potential for false-negative test results. This is because antihistamines suppress the body's immune response, which can mask the typical allergic response that the skin test is designed to detect. Option A, stating that antihistamines may increase the potential for excessive bleeding, is incorrect as antihistamines are not known to have a significant impact on bleeding. Option B, suggesting that antihistamines may aggravate the allergic reaction, is also incorrect as antihistamines are actually used to alleviate allergic symptoms. Option D, claiming that antihistamines may cause wheezing, is not relevant to the context of diagnostic skin tests. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind avoiding certain medications before diagnostic tests is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure accurate results and proper interpretation of test outcomes. By grasping the impact of antihistamines on skin tests, healthcare providers can effectively guide their patients on pre-test preparations to optimize diagnostic accuracy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Transport specimens of body fluids in leak-proof containers. This precaution is essential in reducing occupational risks for nurses caring for clients with HIV/AIDS because it helps prevent accidental exposure to potentially infectious body fluids. Proper handling and containment of body fluids are critical to prevent transmission of HIV and other bloodborne pathogens. Option B is incorrect because seeking a prescription for a fusion inhibitor is not a precaution that a nurse needs to take to reduce occupational risks. Fusion inhibitors are medications used in the treatment of HIV, not as a preventive measure for healthcare workers. Option C is also incorrect as avoiding administering IV drugs is not a specific precaution related to reducing occupational risks for nurses caring for clients with HIV/AIDS. Proper universal precautions and safe injection practices are more relevant in this context. Option D is incorrect as well. Avoiding cleaning the client's room, especially cleaning urine, stool, or vomit, is not a practical or safe approach for a nurse caring for clients with HIV/AIDS. Proper infection control measures, including wearing appropriate personal protective equipment and following standard precautions, are crucial for ensuring safety while providing care. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to understand and adhere to standard precautions and infection control practices when caring for clients with HIV/AIDS to protect themselves and prevent the transmission of infections. Emphasizing the importance of proper handling, containment, and disposal of body fluids can help reduce occupational risks and promote a safe healthcare environment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The student should not give the patient water immediately after administering oral nystatin as it can wash away the medication before it has a chance to coat the esophagus and treat the infection. The other actions are appropriate: wearing protective gear offering food choices and limiting visitors to reduce infection risk.