Teratogenic causes of congenital malformations inc

Question 1 of 5

Teratogenic causes of congenital malformations include

A. Infective agents and chromosomes B. Radiation and substance of abuse C. Prematurity and prophylactic antibiotic D. Substance of abuse and postdatism

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Radiation and substances of abuse are key teratogenic causes of congenital malformations.

Question 2 of 5

How does maternal hypertension affect fetal development?

A. Increases risk of intrauterine growth restriction B. Increases risk of preterm birth C. May lead to stillbirth D. All of the above

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Maternal hypertension can restrict fetal growth, increase preterm birth risk, and lead to stillbirth.

Question 3 of 5

Vitamin K prevents hemorrhagic disease of the neonate by

A. Activating the white blood cells B. Activating the dormant clotting factors C. Adopting a fibrinogen sparing mechanism D. Altering the red blood cells count

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin K activates dormant clotting factors, preventing hemorrhagic disease in neonates.

Question 4 of 5

The most common causative organism of acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy is

A. Streptococcus faecalis B. Escherichia coli C. Proteus vulgaris D. Staphylococcus aureus

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Escherichia coli is the primary causative agent of pyelonephritis in pregnant women.

Question 5 of 5

When counseling a patient about his surgical options for an ulcer that has been refractory to medical therapy, the AGACNP advises the patient that he will need

A. Lifelong vitamin D replacement B. Excision of the ulcer, which produces an 80% cure rate C. To eat much smaller, more frequent meals D. Some form of vagotomy

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When counseling a patient about surgical options for an ulcer that has been refractory to medical therapy, advising the patient that he will need some form of vagotomy is important. Vagotomy is a surgical procedure in which the vagus nerve is partially or completely severed. This procedure is commonly performed for patients with ulcers that have not responded to medical treatment. Vagotomy reduces the acid secretion in the stomach, which can help in the healing of the ulcer and prevent recurrence. It is an effective option for treating ulcers that have not responded to conservative medical management.