Tartar is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bacterial deposits. Tartar refers to hardened plaque that forms on teeth due to the mineralization of bacterial deposits. This is the correct choice because tartar is specifically made up of bacteria and their byproducts. A: Clenching the teeth is incorrect as it refers to bruxism. B: Gum inflammation is incorrect as it is known as gingivitis. C: Bad-smelling breath is incorrect as it is called halitosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic renal failure. In chronic renal failure, the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood. This leads to a buildup of waste products in the body, causing various complications. Urinary tract infection (B) is an infection of the urinary system, not a disorder related to the kidneys' filtering function. Urinary incontinence (C) is the inability to control bladder function and is not related to the kidneys' filtering ability. End-stage renal disease (D) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease where the kidneys have completely lost their function, leading to the need for dialysis or kidney transplant.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (36 to 48 hours) because an ovum typically remains viable for up to 24 hours after ovulation, and sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to 5 days. Therefore, the window for fertilization is around 36 to 48 hours after ovulation. Choice A (2 to 4 hours) is too short for the sperm to reach the ovum and fertilize it. Choice B (10 to 12 hours) is also too short considering the lifespan of both the ovum and sperm. Choice D (24 to 48 hours) is too broad and does not account for the optimal timing for fertilization.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Swelling in the ankles. In congestive heart failure, the heart cannot pump effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the body, causing swelling in the ankles. Decreased urination (A) could indicate kidney issues, weight loss (B) is not typically a symptom, and decreased pulse (D) is not a common sign of congestive heart failure. Swelling in the ankles is a classic symptom due to fluid retention in the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phantom sensation. This refers to the perception of warmth, itching, or tingling in a body part that has been amputated. It is a common phenomenon experienced by individuals who have undergone amputations. The other choices, A (Osteoporosis), B (Bursitis), and D (Osteoarthritis), are unrelated to the sensation experienced in an amputated body part. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakening of bones, bursitis is inflammation of the bursae, and osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease. Therefore, only phantom sensation accurately describes the warmth, itching, or tingling experienced in an amputated body part.