Target cells respond to hormones because ____________.

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Endocrine System Questions Questions

Question 1 of 5

Target cells respond to hormones because ____________.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because target cells respond to hormones by possessing specific receptors for that hormone. These receptors bind to the hormone, initiating a cellular response. Option A is incorrect as proximity to hormone-producing cells is not the reason for response. Option B is incorrect as target cells do not make the hormones they respond to. Option D is incorrect as not all cells respond to all hormones; only target cells with specific receptors do.

Question 2 of 5

If you drank a liter of water very quickly, the result would be

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone. When you drink a liter of water quickly, it leads to a sudden increase in blood volume and a decrease in blood osmolality. This triggers the body to reduce the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to prevent excessive water retention and maintain proper fluid balance. ADH helps in water reabsorption in the kidneys, so decreased secretion allows for more water to be excreted through urine. The other choices are incorrect because drinking water rapidly would not directly affect oxytocin secretion.

Question 3 of 5

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: thymus gland. The thymus gland is crucial for the development and maturation of T cells, a type of immune cell. The hormones produced by the thymus gland, such as thymosin, play a key role in the proper functioning of the immune system. Without a functional thymus gland, the immune response would be compromised. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: Adrenal medulla does not play a direct role in immune response development. B: Pancreas primarily produces hormones related to blood sugar regulation, not immune response. C: Thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, not directly related to immune response development.

Question 4 of 5

Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the ________.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: hypophyseal portal system. This system involves a direct blood vessel connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland, allowing hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus to be rapidly transported to the anterior pituitary without being diluted in the general circulation. The hepatic portal system (A) involves blood flow from the digestive system to the liver. The general circulatory system (B) would dilute the hormones before reaching the anterior pituitary. A feedback loop (D) is a mechanism that regulates hormone levels but is not the primary mode of transportation between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.

Question 5 of 5

Leptin is secreted by ________.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Leptin is primarily secreted by adipocytes, which are fat cells. Adipocytes play a crucial role in regulating energy balance and appetite through leptin secretion. Lymphocytes are immune cells, goblet cells secrete mucus, and fibroblasts are connective tissue cells, none of which are involved in leptin secretion.

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